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English orthography comprises the set of rules used when writing the English language, [1] [2] allowing readers and writers to associate written graphemes with the sounds of spoken English, as well as other features of the language. [3] English's orthography includes norms for spelling, hyphenation, capitalisation, word breaks, emphasis, and ...
These expressions are normally hyphenated. Note that the hyphenation of an expression is subject to its context (see hyphen and MOS:HYPHEN). above-mentioned; all-inclusive; anti-inflammatory; award-winning; back-to-back; case-insensitive; case-sensitive; clear-headed; co-op (to distinguish from coop) cross-reference; day-to-day; de-emphasize ...
In some cases, the diacritic is not borrowed from any foreign language but is purely of English origin. The second of two vowels in a hiatus can be marked with a diaeresis (or "tréma") – as in words such as coöperative, daïs and reëlect – but its use has become less common, sometimes being replaced by the use of a hyphen. [9]
The hyphen ‐ is a punctuation mark used to join words and to separate syllables of a single word. The use of hyphens is called hyphenation. [1]The hyphen is sometimes confused with dashes (en dash –, em dash — and others), which are wider, or with the minus sign −, which is also wider and usually drawn a little higher to match the crossbar in the plus sign +.
The following instructions apply only to English-language keyboards. On Android devices, holding N or n down on the keyboard makes entry of Ñ and ñ possible. On Apple Macintosh operating systems (including Mac OS X ), it can be typed by pressing and holding the Option key and then typing N , followed by typing either N or n .
Aarts argues that phrases like these are best analyzed as noun phrases with an empty element functioning as the head, yielding an analysis like this: [NP the [AP completely Adv innocent Adj] ∅ N]. [53] The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language offers a similar analysis, calling words like lucky and innocent in these cases "fused modifier ...
For example, it is not possible to syllabify "learning" as lear-ning according to the correct syllabification of the living language. Seeing only lear-at the end of a line might mislead the reader into pronouncing the word incorrectly, as the digraph ea can hold many different values. The history of English orthography accounts for such phenomena.
Words that function as compound adjectives may modify a noun or a noun phrase.Take the English examples heavy metal detector and heavy-metal detector.The former example contains only the bare adjective heavy to describe a device that is properly written as metal detector; the latter example contains the phrase heavy-metal, which is a compound noun that is ordinarily rendered as heavy metal ...