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AZT trials conducted on HIV-positive African subjects by U.S. physicians and the University of Zimbabwe were performed without proper informed consent. [4] The United States began testing AZT treatments in Africa in 1994, through projects funded by the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), the World Health Organization (WHO) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH).
In the Republic of India, "President's rule" refers to the imposition of Article 356 of the Constitution of India on a state whose constitutional body has failed. In the event that a state government is unable to function, the Constitution provides for the state to come under the direct control of the central government.
Direct colonial rule is a form of colonialism that involves the establishment of a centralized foreign authority within a territory, which is run by colonial officials. According to Michael W. Doyle of Harvard University , in a system of direct rule , the native population is excluded from all but the lowest level of the colonial government. [ 1 ]
Mahmood Mamdani and other academics [29] [30] have discussed extensively how both direct and indirect rule were attempts to implement identical goals of foreign rule, but how the "indirect" strategy helped to create ethnic tensions within ruled societies which persist in hostile communal relations and dysfunctional strategies of government.
African Journals OnLine (AJOL) is a South African non-profit organization, that lies in the headquarters of Grahamstown.It is dedicated to improving the online visibility and access to the published scholarly research of African-based academics.
The Central African Journal of Medicine is a quarterly peer-reviewed general medical journal that aims to advance medical education and research in Africa. The focus is on broad medical themes, which reflect prevalent and significant conditions in the area. It was founded in 1953 by Michael Gelfand and Joseph Ritchken. [1] [2] [3] The publisher ...
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African Health Sciences is a quarterly peer-reviewed open access medical journal covering clinical practice and public health policy relevant to Africa and low-income countries. [1] The editor-in-chief is James K. Tumwine (Makerere University), who established the journal in 2001. [2] The journal is abstracted and indexed by Index Medicus ...