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The large male taper takes a lathe chuck, which is retained by the large nut. A machine taper is a system for securing cutting tools or toolholders in the spindle of a machine tool or power tool. A male member of conical form (that is, with a taper) fits into the female socket, which has a matching taper of equal angle.
The chuck may be held against the taper with a threaded retainer ring (large thin nut), typically wrenched with a spanner wrench of the pin or hook variety. The peak of popularity for building this type of spindle nose was the 1940s and 1950s. The chuck may be held against the taper with cam-lock posts that wedge into a stuck-fast position.
Several machine collets (top and centre) and a dismantled pin chuck (below). Generally, a collet chuck, [3] considered as a unit, consists of a tapered receiving sleeve (sometimes integral with the machine spindle), the collet proper (usually made of spring steel) which is inserted into the receiving sleeve, and (often) a cap that screws over the collet, clamping it via another taper.
If the part has cylindrical sides and a wood chuck is used, allow a taper of 2° or more, if possible, to facilitate removal of the part from the chuck. With steel chucks, less taper is required, as little as 1/4° will be satisfactory.
Over time, various chuck designs have been invented, and modern chucks can grasp and drive this shank effectively. It has been difficult to find a reference to the included angle of the taper, but 7 different bits were measured, and they all had an included angle of 8 ± 0.25 degrees. Easy to make in a forge
The spindle runs in precision bearings and is fitted with some means of attaching workholding devices such as chucks or faceplates. This end of the spindle usually also has an included taper, frequently a Morse taper, to allow the insertion of hollow tubular (Morse standard) tapers to reduce the size of the tapered hole, and permit use of centers.
Sherline's history begins in the late 1960s when Australian engineer Harold Clisby developed a compact lathe under the product line "Sherline 1000" that was revolutionary for hobbyists and small-scale machinists. This lathe design caught the attention of Ron Sher, who began manufacturing it under the Sherline name.
The smaller top item is an insert, the middle shows another three-fluted counterbore insert, assembled in the holder. The shank of this holder is a Morse taper, although there are other machine tapers that are used in the industry. The lower counterbore is designed to fit into a drill chuck, and being smaller, is economical to make as one piece.