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Pyriproxyfen is a pesticide which is found to be effective against a variety of insects. [3] It was introduced to the US in 1996, to protect cotton crops against whitefly.It has also been found useful for protecting other crops. [4]
Amitraz (development code BTS27419) is a non-systemic acaricide and insecticide [1] and has also been described as a scabicide. It was first synthesized by the Boots Co. in England in 1969. [2] Amitraz has been found to have an insect repellent effect, works as an insecticide and also as a pesticide synergist. [3]
Fipronil is a broad-spectrum insecticide that belongs to the phenylpyrazole insecticide class. [3] Fipronil disrupts the insect central nervous system by blocking the ligand-gated ion channel of the GABA A receptor (IRAC group 2B) and glutamate-gated chloride (GluCl) channels. This causes hyperexcitation of contaminated insects' nerves and muscles.
Cypermethrin is a broad-spectrum insecticide, which means it kills beneficial insects as well as the targeted insects. [14] Fish are particularly susceptible to cypermethrin, [ 15 ] [ 16 ] but when used as directed, application around residential sites poses little risk to aquatic life. [ 17 ]
Poisoning can occur if pyrethroid containing flea treatment products, which are intended for dogs, are used on cats. The livers of cats detoxify pyrethroids via glucuronidation more poorly than dogs, which is the cause of this difference. [15] Aside from cats, pyrethroids are typically not toxic to mammals or birds. [16]
Afoxolaner (INN [5]) is an insecticide and acaricide that belongs to the isoxazoline chemical compound group.. It acts as an antagonist at GABA-receptors (those gated by the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid) and other ligand-gated chloride channels.
A fogger or spray insecticide containing an insect growth regulator, such as pyriproxyfen or methoprene can kill eggs and pupae, which are quite resistant to insecticides. A comparison of 3 insecticides ( selamectin , fipronil , imidacloprid ) showed that selamectin reduced larval cat fleas ≥93.5% after 24 h at doses of ≥0.3 μg.
Nitenpyram is highly selective towards the variation of the nACHr which insects possess, and has seen extensive use in targeted, insecticide applications. Known under the codename TI 304 during field testing starting in 1989, the compound's first documented commercial use was in 1995 under the name "Bestguard" as an agricultural insecticide. [ 1 ]