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PEP (phosphoenol pyruvate) group translocation, also known as the phosphotransferase system or PTS, is a distinct method used by bacteria for sugar uptake where the source of energy is from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP). It is known to be a multicomponent system that always involves enzymes of the plasma membrane and those in the cytoplasm.
Phosphoenolpyruvate (2-phosphoenolpyruvate, PEP) is the carboxylic acid derived from the enol of pyruvate and phosphate. It exists as an anion. PEP is an important intermediate in biochemistry. It has the highest-energy phosphate bond found (−61.9 kJ/mol) in organisms, and is involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.
Phosphorylation allows cells to accumulate sugars because the phosphate group prevents the molecules from diffusing back across their transporter. Phosphorylation of glucose is a key reaction in sugar metabolism. The chemical equation for the conversion of D-glucose to D-glucose-6-phosphate in the first step of glycolysis is given by:
Pyruvate kinase is the enzyme involved in the last step of glycolysis.It catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate group from phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) to adenosine diphosphate (ADP), yielding one molecule of pyruvate and one molecule of ATP. [1]
In enzymology, a pyruvate, water dikinase (EC 2.7.9.2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction. ATP + pyruvate + H 2 O AMP + phosphoenolpyruvate + phosphate. The 3 substrates of this enzyme are ATP, pyruvate, and H 2 O, whereas its 3 products are AMP, phosphoenolpyruvate, and phosphate.
They attach a phosphate group to specific proteins, called phosphorylation. These reactions can cause the function of the phosphorylated proteins to change. Both PEPR 1 and PEPR 2 can be classified as receptor kinases, which serve an important role in immunity in plants. Receptor kinases have the ability to change the conformation of receptors ...
When CO 2 is released in the bundle sheath cells, pyruvate is regenerated, and the cycle continues. [8] Though the reaction catalysed by PPDK is reversible, PEP is favoured as the product in biological conditions. This is due to the basic pH in the stroma, where the reaction occurs, as well as high concentrations of adenylate kinase and ...
The enzyme phosphoenol pyruvate phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.60) catalyzes the reaction . phosphoenolpyruvate + H 2 O pyruvate + phosphate. This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on phosphoric monoester bonds.