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The mastoid process is the portion of the temporal bone of the skull that is behind the ear. The mastoid process contains open, air-containing spaces . [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Mastoiditis is usually caused by untreated acute otitis media (middle ear infection) and used to be a leading cause of child mortality.
MMM is the most common inflammatory myopathy in dogs. [1] The disease mainly affects large breed dogs. [2] German Shepherd Dogs [3] and Cavalier King Charles Spaniels may be predisposed. [4] There is a similar disease of the eye muscles found in Golden Retrievers. Symptoms of acute MMM include swelling of the jaw muscles, drooling, and pain on ...
According to the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) dietary recommendations based on dry matter content, the maximum amount of calcium within a diet is 1.8% and the phosphorus content within a diet cannot exceed 1.6%. [10] These recommendations ensure that the calcium to phosphorus ratio will be 1:1, or at max 2:1. [10]
Acetaminophen (paracetamol, Tylenol) can cause liver damage in dogs. The toxic dose is 150 mg/kg. [174] Ibuprofen * can cause gastrointestinal irritation, stomach ulcers, and kidney damage in dogs. [175] Naproxen (Aleve)* has a long half-life in dogs and can cause gastrointestinal irritation, anemia, melena (digested blood in feces), and vomiting.
In children with otitis media with effusion antibiotics may increase resolution of symptoms, but may cause diarrhoea, vomiting and skin rash. [13] Worldwide AOM affects about 11% of people a year (about 325 to 710 million cases). [14] [15] Half the cases involve children less than five years of age and it is more common among males.
During growth, young dogs are more susceptible to infection, but the addition of proper levels of vitamin E to the diet reduces free radical oxidative damage and leads to an increase in immunity. Calcium and phosphorus, in the appropriate amounts and ratio, aid in proper bone and cartilage growth and maturation.
The mastoid lymph nodes (retroauricular lymph nodes or posterior auricular glands) are a small group of lymph nodes, usually two in number, located just beneath the ear, on the mastoid insertion of the sternocleidomastoideus muscle, beneath the posterior auricular muscle.
Symptoms include sudden permanent blindness, but may occur more slowly over several days, weeks or months, [3] dilated pupils.Pupillary light reflexes are usually reduced but present; the slow phase mediated by melanopsin in retinal ganglion cells is retained.