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Direct colonial rule is a form of colonialism that involves the establishment of a centralized foreign authority within a territory, which is run by colonial officials. According to Michael W. Doyle of Harvard University , in a system of direct rule , the native population is excluded from all but the lowest level of the colonial government. [ 1 ]
[9] [10] In terms of administrative styles, "[t]he French, the Portuguese, the Germans and the Belgians exercised a highly centralised type of administration called 'direct rule.'" [11] The British by contrast sought to rule by identifying local power holders and encouraging or forcing them to administer for the British Empire.
H. F. Morris . A History of the Adoption of Codes of Criminal Law and Procedure in British Colonial Africa, 1876–1935. Journal of African Law, Vol. 18, No. 1, Criminal Law and Criminology. (Spring, 1974), pp. 6–23. Jonathan Derrick. The 'Native Clerk' in Colonial West Africa.
Elites reduced the role of rural authorities and favored direct political rule. [4] European states consequently developed strong political and economic linkages between cities and surrounding territories. Herbst emphasizes that the international pressures for war-making that existed in medieval Europe never existed in many parts of Africa. The ...
"Protection" was the formal legal structure under which French colonial forces expanded in Africa between the 1830s and 1900. Almost every pre-existing state that was later part of French West Africa was placed under protectorate status at some point, although direct rule gradually replaced protectorate
Under the provisions of the act, the Union remained British territory, but with home-rule for Afrikaners. The British High Commission territories of Basutoland (now Lesotho), Bechuanaland (now Botswana), Swaziland, and Rhodesia (now Zambia and Zimbabwe) continued under direct rule from Britain. English and Dutch became the official languages.
The African common and civil law remains relatively similar to what has been left behind by the colonising powers, though the employment of such laws varies between nations. [37] Currently, the formal courts greatly contribute to how the rule of civil or common law is maintained in each nation. [38]
Indirect rule is a system of government used by the British and French to control parts of their colonial empires, particularly in Africa and Asia, through pre-existing local power structures. These dependencies were often called "protectorates" or "trucial states".