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Initially, neural network based evaluation functions generally consisted of one neural network for the entire evaluation function, with input features selected from the board and whose output is an integer, normalized to the centipawn scale so that a value of 100 is roughly equivalent to a material advantage of a pawn.
Horner's method evaluates a polynomial using repeated bracketing: + + + + + = + (+ (+ (+ + (+)))). This method reduces the number of multiplications and additions to just Horner's method is so common that a computer instruction "multiply–accumulate operation" has been added to many computer processors, which allow doing the addition and multiplication operations in one combined step.
Plot of the Rosenbrock function of two variables. Here a = 1 , b = 100 {\displaystyle a=1,b=100} , and the minimum value of zero is at ( 1 , 1 ) {\displaystyle (1,1)} . In mathematical optimization , the Rosenbrock function is a non- convex function , introduced by Howard H. Rosenbrock in 1960, which is used as a performance test problem for ...
The practical motivation for partial application is that very often the functions obtained by supplying some but not all of the arguments to a function are useful; for example, many languages have a function or operator similar to plus_one. Partial application makes it easy to define these functions, for example by creating a function that ...
Quantile functions are used in both statistical applications and Monte Carlo methods. The quantile function is one way of prescribing a probability distribution, and it is an alternative to the probability density function (pdf) or probability mass function, the cumulative distribution function (cdf) and the characteristic function.
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In some programming languages, eval, short for evaluate, is a function which evaluates a string as though it were an expression in the language, and returns a result; in others, it executes multiple lines of code as though they had been included instead of the line including the eval.
Instead, form x 3 in two multiplications, then x 6 by squaring x 3, then x 12 by squaring x 6, and finally x 15 by multiplying x 12 and x 3, thereby achieving the desired result with only five multiplications. However, many pages follow describing how such sequences might be contrived in general.