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Diversity themes gained momentum in the mid-1980s. At a time when President Ronald Reagan discussed dismantling equality and affirmative action laws in the 1980s, equality and affirmative action professionals employed by American firms along with equality consultants, engaged in establishing the argument that a diverse workforce should be seen as a competitive advantage rather than just as a ...
The Bechdel test (/ ˈ b ɛ k d əl / BEK-dəl), [1] also known as the Bechdel-Wallace test, is a measure of the representation of women in film and other fiction. The test asks whether a work features at least two women who have a conversation about something other than a man. Some versions of the test also require that those two women have ...
In 1980 assessment of school writing was being conducted in at least 24 states, the large majority by writing samples rated holistically. [51] In post-secondary education, more and more colleges and universities were using holistic scoring for advance credit, placement into first-year writing courses, exit from writing courses, and ...
The Finkbeiner test has been linked to affirmative action, because writing can cause readers to view women in science as different from men in negative or unfair ways. [2] The test helps avoid gender bias in science reporting similarly to various tests that focus on under-representation of marginalized groups in different career fields. [4]
Writing assessment scholars do not always agree about the origin of writing assessment. The history of writing assessment has been described as consisting of three major shifts in methods used in assessing writing. [5] The first wave of writing assessment (1950-1970) sought objective tests with indirect measures of
For example, in an example in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, a warrior society might provide equal opportunity for all kinds of people to achieve military success through fair competition, but people with non-military skills such as farming may be left out. [2] Lawmakers have run into problems trying to implement equality of opportunity.
The principle of equal pay for equal work arose at the same part of first-wave feminism, with early efforts for equal pay being associated with nineteenth-century Trade Union activism in industrialized countries: for example, a series of strikes by unionized women in the UK in the 1830s. [2]
Professional writing is writing for reward or as a profession; as a product or object, professional writing is any form of written communication produced in a workplace environment or context that enables employees to, for example, communicate effectively among themselves, help leadership make informed decisions, advise clients, comply with federal, state, or local regulatory bodies, bid for ...