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Ginkgo biloba leaves and sarcotesta contain ginkgolic acids [83] – which are highly allergenic – long-chain alkylphenols, such as bilobol or adipostatin A [84] (bilobol is a substance related to anacardic acid from cashew nut shells and urushiols present in poison ivy and other Toxicodendron spp.) [9] [80] Individuals with a history of ...
The ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba) is a living fossil, with fossils similar to the modern plant dating back to the Permian, 270 million years ago. The closest living relatives of the clade are the cycads , [ 4 ] which share with the extant G. biloba the characteristic of motile sperm.
Ginkgolide B, specifically, is a diterpenoid trilactone with six five-membered rings. It contains a spiro[4,4]-nonane carbocyclic ring, a tetrahydrofuran ring, and a very specific tert-butyl group at one of the rings (Figure 1).
An organism's natural tolerance of heat is their basal thermotolerance. [1] Meanwhile, acquired thermotolerance is defined as an enhanced level of thermotolerance after exposure to a heat stress. [ 2 ]
C. globosum is also known to reside in Ginkgo biloba plants. [17] Such plants use this endophytic fungus to suppress bacterial pathogens. In fact, ascospore inoculation reduces bacterial disease symptoms such as wilting, apple scabs, and seed blight in treated plants. [21]
Ginkgoidae is a subclass of Equisetopsida in the sense used by Mark W. Chase and James L. Reveal in their 2009 article "A phylogenetic classification of the land plants to accompany APG III."
Ginkgo yimaensis differs from the extant G. biloba only slightly. The leaves were deeply divided, resembling closer the sucker shoots and seedling leaving of G. biloba. The seeds were also borne on individual stocks, unlike G. biloba which forms seeds sessile. [2] The size of the seeds from specimens has ranged from 10-15 mm in length and 8-12 ...
Amentoflavone is a biflavonoid (bis-apigenin coupled at 8 and 3 ′ positions, or 3 ′,8″-biapigenin) constituent of a number of plants including Ginkgo biloba, Chamaecyparis obtusa (hinoki), Biophytum sensitivum, Selaginella tamariscina, [1] Hypericum perforatum (St. John's Wort) [2] and Xerophyta plicata.