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An oroantral fistula (OAF) is an epithelialized oroantral communication (OAC), which refers to an abnormal connection between the oral cavity and the antrum. [1] The creation of an OAC is most commonly due to the extraction of a maxillary tooth (typically a maxillary first molar ) which is closely related to the antral floor.
A modification obturator may be used in the short term to block a palatal fistula, for augmentation of the seal and to separate the oral and nasal cavities. An interim palatal obturator is used post-palatal surgery. This obturator aids in closing the remaining fistula and is used when no further surgical procedures are planned.
Chronic infections not responding to treatments. [4] Irrigating and washing out collected purulent secretions. [5] Dental maxillary sinusitis. [6] Oro-antral fistula if associated with sinusitis. [7] Acute Bacterial Rhinosinusitis. Though it is indicated only in severe cases not as a regular treatment. [8] It can be also used as diagnostic ...
The causes of pelvic floor dysfunction aren’t well understood. Experts know that weakened muscles and connective tissue in the pelvis can contribute to it, as can injuries to the pelvis.
In anatomy, a fistula (pl.: fistulas or fistulae /-l i,-l aɪ /; from Latin fistula, "tube, pipe") is an abnormal connection (i.e. tube) joining two hollow spaces (technically, two epithelialized surfaces), such as blood vessels, intestines, or other hollow organs to each other, often resulting in an abnormal flow of fluid from one space to the other.
The fistula can communicate with the mouth (usually causing no symptoms), the paranasal sinuses (giving rhinorrhea) [1] or the facial skin (causing saliva to drain onto the skin). The usual cause is trauma, however salivary fistula can occur as a complication of surgery, or if the duct becomes obstructed with a calculus .
1. Current or previous treatment with antiresorptive or antiangiogenic agents. 2. Exposed bone or bone that can be probed through an intraoral or extraoral fistula in the maxillofacial region that has persisted for longer than 8 weeks. 3. No history of radiation therapy to the jaws or obvious metastatic disease to the jaws. [7]
5. Cycling. Average cost to start: $300-$600 for a decent entry-level bicycle Gear: Bicycle, helmet, bike lock, and appropriate clothing Cycling is a low-impact exercise that improves ...