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Map showing main trans-Saharan caravan routes c. 1400.Also shown are the Ghana Empire (until the 13th century) and 13th – 15th century Mali Empire, with the western route running from Djenné via Timbuktu to Sijilmassa.
The Pashalik of Timbuktu, also known as the Pashalik of Sudan, was a West African political entity that existed between the 16th and the 19th century. It was formed after the Battle of Tondibi, when a military expedition sent by Saadian sultan Ahmad al-Mansur of Morocco defeated the Songhai Empire and established control over a territory centered on Timbuktu.
While initially controlling the Morocco – Timbuktu trade routes, Morocco soon cut its ties with the Arma and the grip of the numerous subsequent pashas on the city began losing its strength: Tuareg temporarily took over control in 1737 and the remainder of the 18th century saw various Tuareg tribes, Bambara and Kounta briefly occupy or ...
In 1352–53, Ibn Battuta embarked on a pilgrimage from Morocco to the Mali empire. [2] Throughout his travels, he described many aspech the salt mines of Taghaza. [1] The town of Takeda in the Niger Bend was a centre for copper mining and trade in Egyptian goods, like cloth. [1] The routes from Morocco to Egypt were large distribution centres ...
The trading emporium of Jenné was subject to the Moroccan pashalik of Timbuktu, named for the city where the Moroccan expeditionary force governed from. [6] Previously, the pashalik had taken Jenné without a fight and preserved its king, Muhammad Kinba bin Isma’il on the throne under a Moroccan resident, [6] Governor Sayyid Mansur. [1]
Map of the Pashalik of Timbuktu (yellow-striped) as part of the Saadi dynasty of Morocco (outlined black) within the Songhai Empire (outlined red), c. 1591 Griots of Sambala, king of Médina (Fula people, Mali), 1890. Photo by Joannès Barbier.
Many Islamic scholars were dispersed, some to Morocco. Morocco had difficulty holding onto the city, as the supply lines were long compared to the closer kingdoms vying for dominance of the region. Furthermore, the Moroccans did not establish a proper means of which to govern Timbuktu, and their other holdings along the Niger bend.
Timbuktu census in 1950 Gao (which includes Kidal) census in 1950 Timbuktu census in 2009 Gao census in 2009 Kidal census in 2009. Northern Mali has a population density of 1.5 people per square kilometre. [80] The Malian regions claimed by Azawad are listed hereafter (apart from the portion of Mopti Region claimed and occupied by the MNLA).