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Areas where Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin and Serbian were spoken by a plurality of speakers in 2006. Standard Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin, and Serbian are different national variants and official registers of the pluricentric Serbo-Croatian language. [1] [2]: 451 [3]: 430 [4] [5] [6]
Serbo-Croatian (/ ˌ s ɜːr b oʊ k r oʊ ˈ eɪ ʃ ən / ⓘ SUR-boh-kroh-AY-shən) [10] [11] – also called Serbo-Croat (/ ˌ s ɜːr b oʊ ˈ k r oʊ æ t / SUR-boh-KROH-at), [10] [11] Serbo-Croat-Bosnian (SCB), [12] Bosnian-Croatian-Serbian (BCS), [13] and Bosnian-Croatian-Montenegrin-Serbian (BCMS) [14] – is a South Slavic language and the primary language of Serbia, Croatia, Bosnia ...
Standard Croatian is the official language of the Republic of Croatia [53] and, along with Standard Bosnian and Standard Serbian, one of three official languages of Bosnia and Herzegovina. [2] It is also official in the regions of Burgenland (Austria), [ 54 ] Molise (Italy) [ 55 ] and Vojvodina (Serbia). [ 56 ]
Dictionary of Serbo-Croatian Literary and Vernacular Language (Rečnik srpskohrvatskog književnog i narodnog jezika) is the biggest dictionary of Serbian (and Serbo-Croatian as a whole) and still unfinished. Starting in 1959, 21 volumes were published as of 2020 and about 40 are expected by the time it is finished.
While Serbian, Bosnian and Croatian Shtokavian dialects have basically the same grammar, its usage is very diverse. While all three languages are relatively highly inflected, the further east one goes the more likely it is that analytic forms are used – if not spoken, at least in the written language. [citation needed] A very basic example is:
The Serbian language predominates in most of Serbia.The Bosnian and Croatian language, which are, according to census, spoken in some parts of Serbia are virtually identical to Serbian, while many speakers of the Bulgarian language from south-eastern Serbia speak in the Torlakian dialect, which is considered to be one of the transitional dialects between Bulgarian and Serbian languages.
Standard Croatian and Bosnian are based on Ijekavian, whereas Serbian uses both Ekavian and Ijekavian forms (Ijekavian for Montenegrin, Croatian and Bosnian Serbs; Ekavian for most of Serbia). Influence of standard language through state media and education has caused non-standard varieties to lose ground to the literary forms.
Serbo-Croatian is a South Slavic language with four national standards.The Eastern Herzegovinian Neo-Shtokavian dialect forms the basis for Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin, and Serbian (the four national standards).