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2. Heat pump - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_pump

   Propane may be the most suitable for high temperature heat pumps. [73] Ammonia (R717) and carbon dioxide also have a low GWP. As of 2023 smaller CO 2 heat pumps are not widely available and research and development of them continues. [74] A 2024 report said that refrigerants with GWP are vulnerable to further international restrictions. [75]

3. Absorption heat pump - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorption_heat_pump

   For low-temperature heat sources of 15–25 °C, driven by a small amount of high-temperature heat sources (such as high-temperature steam or direct combustion), cold water at a temperature of 7–15 °C and hot water at a temperature above 47 °C can be prepared. 1.2, >1.5 when heating. [4]

4. District heating - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/District_heating

   The disadvantage of steam is a higher heat loss due to the high temperature. Also, the thermal efficiency of cogeneration plants is significantly lower if the cooling medium is high-temperature steam, reducing electric power generation. Heat transfer oils are generally not used for district heating, although they have higher heat capacities ...

5. Air source heat pump - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_source_heat_pump

   Propane may be the most suitable for high temperature heat pumps. [53] Ammonia (R717) and carbon dioxide also have a low GWP. As of 2023 smaller CO 2 heat pumps are not widely available and research and development of them continues. [54] A 2024 report said that refrigerants with GWP are vulnerable to further international restrictions. [55]

6. Heat pump and refrigeration cycle - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat_pump_and...

   Thermodynamic heat pump cycles or refrigeration cycles are the conceptual and mathematical models for heat pump, air conditioning and refrigeration systems. [1] A heat pump is a mechanical system that transmits heat from one location (the "source") at a certain temperature to another location (the "sink" or "heat sink") at a higher temperature. [2]

7. List of countries by tax rates - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_tax_rates

   Map of the world showing national-level sales tax / VAT rates as of October 2019. A comparison of tax rates by countries is difficult and somewhat subjective, as tax laws in most countries are extremely complex and the tax burden falls differently on different groups in each country and sub-national unit.