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Historically a cesium chloride (CsCl) solution was often used, but more commonly used density gradients are sucrose or Percoll.This application requires a solution with high density and yet relatively low viscosity, and CsCl suits it because of its high solubility in water, high density owing to the large mass of Cs, as well as low viscosity and high stability of CsCl solutions.
The caesium chloride structure adopts a primitive cubic lattice with a two-atom basis, where both atoms have eightfold coordination. The chloride atoms lie upon the lattice points at the corners of the cube, while the caesium atoms lie in the holes in the center of the cubes; an alternative and exactly equivalent 'setting' has the caesium ions at the corners and the chloride ion in the center.
Isotonic (of equal water potential)—this prevents water gain or loss by the organelles; Cool—reducing the overall activity of enzyme released later in the procedure; Centrifugation is the first step in most fractionations. Through low-speed centrifugation, cell debris may be removed, leaving a supernatant preserving the contents of the cell.
With a 3 phase decanter centrifuge, it is possible to separate 3 phases from each other in one process step only. For example, two liquids which cannot be mixed because of different densities (e.g. oil and water) are separated from a solids phase. The heavy liquid (water) collects in the middle between the oil and the solids layer.
Differential centrifugation, on the other hand, does not utilize a density gradient, and the centrifugation is taken in increasing speeds. The different centrifugation speeds often create separation into not more than two fractions, so the supernatant can be separated further in additional centrifugation steps.
Pumps being used to dewater a spillway at Baldhill Dam. Dewatering / d iː ˈ w ɔː t ər ɪ ŋ / is the removal of water from a location. This may be done by wet classification, centrifugation, filtration, or similar solid-liquid separation processes, such as removal of residual liquid from a filter cake by a filter press as part of various industrial processes.
Isopycnic centrifugation, often used to isolate nucleic acids such as DNA; Sucrose gradient centrifugation, often used to purify enveloped viruses and ribosomes, and also to separate cell organelles from crude cellular extracts; There are different types of laboratory centrifuges: Microcentrifuges
Elutriation is a common method used by biologists to sample meiofauna. [4] The sediment sample is constantly agitated by a flow of filtered water from below, the action of which dislodges interstitial organisms embedded between sediment grains. A very fine filter at the top captures these organisms from the overflow. [5]