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In the C language, the POSIX function chdir() effects the system call which changes the working directory. [11] Its argument is a text string with a path to the new directory, either absolute or relative to the old one. Where available, it can be called by a process to set its working directory. There are similar functions in other languages.
Stata utilizes integer storage types which occupy only one or two bytes rather than four, and single-precision (4 bytes) rather than double-precision (8 bytes) is the default for floating-point numbers. Stata's proprietary output language is known as SMCL, which stands for Stata Markup and Control Language and is pronounced "smickle". [10]
#! /usr/bin/env python3 – Execute with a Python interpreter, using the env program search path to find it #! /bin/false – Do nothing, but return a non-zero exit status , indicating failure. Used to prevent stand-alone execution of a script file intended for execution in a specific context, such as by the . command from sh/bash, source from ...
Notation for code made of trees of symbols (using many parentheses) Full language available at load time, compile time, and run time; Lisp was the first language where the structure of program code is represented faithfully and directly in a standard data structure—a quality much later dubbed "homoiconicity". Thus, Lisp functions can be ...
cd . will leave the user in the same directory they are currently in (i.e. the current directory won't change). This can be useful if the user's shell's internal code can't deal with the directory they are in being recreated; running cd . will place their shell in the recreated directory. cd ~username will put the user in the username's home ...
In 1960, he began work for IBM where he developed this notation with Adin Falkoff and published it in his book A Programming Language in 1962. [3] The preface states its premise: Applied mathematics is largely concerned with the design and analysis of explicit procedures for calculating the exact or approximate values of various functions.
In Stata, SUR can be estimated using the sureg and suest commands. [15] [16] [17] In Limdep, SUR can be estimated using the sure command [18] In Python, SUR can be estimated using the command SUR in the “linearmodels” package. [19] In gretl, SUR can be estimated using the system command.
Based on the assumption that the original data set is a realization of a random sample from a distribution of a specific parametric type, in this case a parametric model is fitted by parameter θ, often by maximum likelihood, and samples of random numbers are drawn from this fitted model. Usually the sample drawn has the same sample size as the ...