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The Lambda2 method, or Lambda2 vortex criterion, is a vortex core line detection algorithm that can adequately identify vortices from a three-dimensional fluid velocity field. [1] The Lambda2 method is Galilean invariant , which means it produces the same results when a uniform velocity field is added to the existing velocity field or when the ...
If the lymph node or similar tissue is reactive, or otherwise benign, it should possess a mixture of kappa positive and lambda positive cells. If, however, one type of light chain is significantly more common than the other, the cells are likely all derived from a small clonal population, which may indicate a malignant condition, such as B-cell ...
In contrast to neoplastic mantle cells (which are negative for CD23), the resting cells of physiologic mantle zone express CD23. Paradoxically, Lymphomas arising from the mantle zone are generally negative for CD23, while most B-cell chronic lymphomocytic leukaemias are positive, allowing immunohistochemistry to distinguish these conditions ...
CD163 (Cluster of Differentiation 163) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CD163 gene. [5] CD163 is the high affinity scavenger receptor for the hemoglobin-haptoglobin complex [6] and in the absence of haptoglobin - with lower affinity - for hemoglobin alone. [7]
Depending on the ligand bound, CD86 can signal for self-regulation and cell-cell association, or for attenuation of regulation and cell-cell disassociation. [6] The CD86 gene encodes a type I membrane protein that is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily. [7] Alternative splicing results in two transcript variants encoding different ...
Epithelial cells also exhibit planar cell polarity, in which specialized structures are orientated within the plane of the epithelial sheet. Some examples of planar cell polarity include the scales of fish being oriented in the same direction and similarly the feathers of birds, the fur of mammals, and the cuticular projections (sensory hairs ...
A standard cocktail of antibodies can be designed to remove or purify mature hematopoietic cells or to detect Cluster of differentiation from a sample. Those antibodies are e.g. targeted to CD2 , CD3 , CD4 , CD5 , CD8 , NK1.1 , B220 , TER-119, and Gr-1 in mice and CD3 (T lymphocytes), CD14 (Monocytes), CD16 (NK cells, granulocytes), CD19 (B ...
CD2 is a specific marker for T cells and NK cells, and can therefore be used in immunohistochemistry to identify the presence of such cells in tissue sections. The great majority of T cell lymphomas and leukaemias also express CD2, making it possible to use the presence of the antigen to distinguish these conditions from B cell neoplasms.