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A premature ventricular contraction (PVC) is a common event where the heartbeat is initiated by Purkinje fibers in the ventricles rather than by the sinoatrial node. PVCs may cause no symptoms or may be perceived as a "skipped beat" or felt as palpitations in the chest. PVCs do not usually pose any danger. [1]
Ectopic beat is a disturbance of the cardiac rhythm frequently related to the electrical conduction system of the heart, in which beats arise from fibers or group of fibers outside the region in the heart muscle ordinarily responsible for impulse formation (i.e., the sinoatrial node).
This condition was first discovered in 1992 by Stoll et al, when they described 6 members belonging to a 3-generation French family. They had ventricular extrasystoles that presented itself with syncopal episodes associated with multifocal tachycardia, aplastic/hypoplastic distal phalanges of the toes (a phenomenon Stoll et al. described as perodactyly), Pierre Robin Sequence, a condition ...
This is called a "compensatory" pause. The pause after the PVC leads to a longer recovery time, which is associated with a higher likelihood of myocardium being in different stages of repolarization. This then allows for re-entrant circuits and sets up the ventricle for another PVC after the next sinus beat. [2]
The second Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST II) modified the enrollment criteria to include patients at higher risk for serious arrhythmia. [4] This included 1) patients enrolled within 4 to 90 days of a previous MI, 2) a left ventricular ejection fraction lower than 40%, 3) prior to enrollment, suppression of PVCs had occurred with the drugs (vs. placebo) using a double-blinded ...
[5] In comparison to second-degree atrioventricular block , in first-degree block there is an absence of non-conduction or "dropped beats." In an electrophysiology study , this corresponds to a prolonged A-H interval that shows the time between atrial depolarization and His bundle depolarization near the AV node.
The schematic of a multifocal plane microscope. Multifocal plane microscopy (MUM), also known as multiplane microscopy or multifocus microscopy, is a form of light microscopy that allows the tracking of the 3D dynamics in live cells at high temporal and spatial resolution by simultaneously imaging different focal planes within the specimen.
The AN/TVS-5 is an observation scope, although it does come with reticles and can be used as a weapon sight as well. With a larger catadioptric lens and higher zoom level, it is rated with a detection range of over 1 Kilometer with a third-generation image intensifier tube.