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Piperidine is used as a solvent and as a base. The same is true for certain derivatives: N-formylpiperidine is a polar aprotic solvent with better hydrocarbon solubility than other amide solvents, and 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine is a highly sterically hindered base, useful because of its low nucleophilicity and high solubility in organic ...
The tables below provides information on the variation of solubility of different substances (mostly inorganic compounds) in water with temperature, at one atmosphere pressure. Units of solubility are given in grams of substance per 100 millilitres of water (g/100 ml), unless shown otherwise. The substances are listed in alphabetical order.
The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.
Due to its poor solubility in water, piperine is typically extracted from black pepper by using organic solvents like dichloromethane. [5] The amount of piperine varies from 1–2% in long pepper, to 5–10% in commercial white and black peppers.
Specific gravity is defined as the density of the solvent divided by the density of water at the same temperature. As such, specific gravity is a unitless value. It readily communicates whether a water-insoluble solvent will float (SG < 1.0) or sink (SG > 1.0) when mixed with water.
The upper critical solution temperature (UCST) or upper consolute temperature is the critical temperature above which the components of a mixture are miscible in all proportions. [1] The word upper indicates that the UCST is an upper bound to a temperature range of partial miscibility, or miscibility for certain compositions only.
Piperidine is produced by hydrogenation of pyridine with a nickel-, cobalt-, or ruthenium-based catalyst at elevated temperatures. [100] The hydrogenation of pyridine to piperidine releases 193.8 kJ/mol, [ 101 ] which is slightly less than the energy of the hydrogenation of benzene (205.3 kJ/mol).
3,5-Dimethylpiperidines are chemical compounds with the formula C 5 H 8 (CH 3) 2 NH. Two diastereomers exist: the achiral R,S isomer and the chiral R,R/S,S enantiomeric pair. 3,5-Dimethylpiperidine is a precursor to tibric acid.