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The spark associated with static electricity is caused by electrostatic discharge, or simply static discharge, as excess charge is neutralized by a flow of charges from or to the surroundings. The feeling of an electric shock is caused by the stimulation of nerves as the current flows through the human body.
Electrostatics is a branch of physics that studies slow-moving or stationary electric charges. Since classical times, it has been known that some materials, such as amber, attract lightweight particles after rubbing. The Greek word for amber, ἤλεκτρον (ḗlektron), was thus the root of the word electricity.
A remaining question is how large the induced charges are. The movement of charges is caused by the force exerted on them by the electric field of the external charged object, by Coulomb's law . As the charges in the metal object continue to separate, the resulting positive and negative regions create their own electric field, which opposes the ...
Ohm's law states that the electric current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the voltage across the two points. Introducing the constant of proportionality, the resistance, [1] one arrives at the three mathematical equations used to describe this relationship: [2]
Lord Kelvin used this foundation of accumulated knowledge to, in 1859, create an apparatus involving the interaction of a stream of water with the Earth's static electric field to cause charge separation and subsequent measurement of charge to make atmospheric electricity measurements.
Electricity and the Atom Archived 2009-02-21 at the Wayback Machine—a chapter from an online textbook; A maze game for teaching Coulomb's law—a game created by the Molecular Workbench software; Electric Charges, Polarization, Electric Force, Coulomb's Law Walter Lewin, 8.02 Electricity and Magnetism, Spring 2002: Lecture 1 (video). MIT ...
Nanotribology, science of tribology (friction, lubrication and wear processes) at the nanoscale; Piezoelectricity, polarization due to linear strains; Polarization density, general description of the physics of polarization; Static electricity, electric charge often but not always due to triboelectricity
An example of static cling; styrofoam peanuts clinging to a cat's fur, due to the charge of static electricity that builds up on the fur due to the cat's motions. Static cling is the tendency for light objects to stick (cling) to other objects owing to static electricity. It is common in clothing, but occurs with other items, such as the ...