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A wind gust or just gust is a brief, sudden increase in the wind speed. It usually lasts for less than 20 seconds, briefer than a squall, which lasts minutes. A gust is followed by a lull (or slackening) in the wind speed. [1] Generally, winds are least gusty over large water surfaces and most gusty over rough land and near high buildings. [2]
A short burst of high speed wind is termed a wind gust; one technical definition of a wind gust is: the maxima that exceed the lowest wind speed measured during a ten-minute time interval by 10 knots (19 km/h; 12 mph) for periods of seconds.
In Canada, reference wind pressures are used in design and are based on the "mean hourly" wind speed having a probability of being exceeded per year of 1 in 50. The reference wind pressure q is calculated using the equation q = ρv 2 / 2 , where ρ is the air density and v is the wind speed.
[1] [7] In Australia, a squall is defined to last for several minutes before the wind returns to the long-term mean value. [3] In either case, a squall is defined to last about half as long as the definition of sustained wind in its respective country. Usually, this sudden violent wind is associated with briefly heavy precipitation as squall ...
A variety of models exist for gusts [3] but only two, the Dryden and von Kármán models, are generally used for continuous gusts in flight dynamics applications. [2] [4] Both of these models define gusts in terms of power spectral densities for the linear and angular velocity components parameterized by turbulence length scales and intensities.
Outflow boundary on radar with radial velocity and frontal boundary drawn in.. An outflow boundary, also known as a gust front, is a storm-scale or mesoscale boundary separating thunderstorm-cooled air from the surrounding air; similar in effect to a cold front, with passage marked by a wind shift and usually a drop in temperature and a related pressure jump.
Sir Francis Beaufort. The scale that carries Beaufort's name had a long and complex evolution from the previous work of others (including Daniel Defoe the century before). In the 18th century, naval officers made regular weather observations, but there was no standard scale and so they could be very subjective — one man's "stiff breeze" might be another's "soft breeze"—: Beaufort succeeded ...
A gustnado near Williamstown, Kansas on April 3, 2011. This gustnado is a good example that gustnadoes can cause damage; it caused damage similar to that of a weak tornado: "Two center pivot irrigations were flipped over, a large outdoor shed was destroyed and several tree limbs were snapped."