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Ropivacaine / r oʊ ˈ p ɪ v ə k eɪ n / is a local anaesthetic drug belonging to the amino amide group. The name ropivacaine refers to both the racemate and the marketed S - enantiomer . Ropivacaine hydrochloride is commonly marketed by AstraZeneca under the brand name Naropin .
Many local anesthetics fall into two general chemical classes, amino esters (top) and amino amides (bottom). A local anesthetic (LA) is a medication that causes absence of all sensation (including pain) in a specific body part without loss of consciousness, [1] providing local anesthesia, as opposed to a general anesthetic, which eliminates all sensation in the entire body and causes ...
Shoulder dystocia occurs after vaginal delivery of the head, when the baby's anterior shoulder is obstructed by the mother's pubic bone. [3] [1] It is typically diagnosed when the baby's shoulders fail to deliver despite gentle downward traction on the baby's head, requiring the need of special techniques to safely deliver the baby. [2]
The purpose of anesthesia can be distilled down to three basic goals or endpoints: [2]: 236 hypnosis (a temporary loss of consciousness and with it a loss of memory.In a pharmacological context, the word hypnosis usually has this technical meaning, in contrast to its more familiar lay or psychological meaning of an altered state of consciousness not necessarily caused by drugs—see hypnosis).
Its use in preterm labor may allow more time for steroids to improve the baby's lung function and provide time for transfer of the mother to a well qualified medical facility before delivery. [2] It is a calcium channel blocker of the dihydropyridine type. [2] Nifedipine is taken by mouth and comes in fast- and slow-release formulations. [2]
Neosaxitoxin (NSTX) is included, as other saxitoxin-analogs, in a broad group of natural neurotoxic alkaloids, commonly known as the paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs).The parent compound of PSTs, saxitoxin (STX), is a tricyclic perhydropurine alkaloid, which can be substituted at various positions, leading to more than 30 naturally occurring STX analogues.
In Japan, primary and secondary level maternity hospitals and clinics do not use epidurals. [21] Most Japanese women alleviate pain in others ways such as breathing, movement, and massage/acupressure. [15] Many Japanese women believe that the mother child bond is strengthened through labor.
However, suppose we have planned to simply flip the coin 6 times no matter what happens, then the second definition of p-value would mean that the p-value of "3 heads 3 tails" is exactly 1. Thus, the "at least as extreme" definition of p -value is deeply contextual and depends on what the experimenter planned to do even in situations that did ...