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Liberty is the state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions imposed by authority on one's way of life, behavior, or political views. [1]
Negative liberty is the absence of external constraints on the individual, while positive liberty is the ability to act on one's desires and goals. Ordered liberty acknowledges the importance of negative liberty but recognizes that this liberty can only be exercised within the constraints of a well-ordered society.
Conceived in Liberty; The Creature from Jekyll Island; Defending the Undefendable; The Discovery of Freedom; End the Fed; The Ethics of Liberty; For a New Liberty; Free to Choose; The Future and Its Enemies; The God of the Machine; It Usually Begins with Ayn Rand; Liberty; The Machinery of Freedom; Man, Economy and State; The Moon is a Harsh ...
In authoritarian regimes in which government censorship impedes on perceived civil liberties, some civil liberty advocates argue for the use of anonymity tools to allow for free speech, privacy, and anonymity. [5] The degree to which societies acknowledge civil liberties is affected by the influence of terrorism and war.
Abbott, Lewis F. Defending Liberty: The Case for a New Bill of Rights Archived 2024-05-20 at the Wayback Machine ISR Publications 2019. Alexander, Keith L. Lawsuit Seeks Right to Carry Concealed Weapons in the District Archived 2016-11-17 at the Wayback Machine. Www.washingtonpost.com. The Washington Post, 8 Aug. 2009. Web. 29 Sept. 2009.
The assertion that people have a claim right to liberty – i.e. that people are obliged only to refrain from preventing each other from doing things which are permissible, their liberty rights limited only by the obligation to respect others' liberty – is the central thesis of liberal theories of justice.
On Liberty was a greatly influential and well-received work. Some classical liberals and libertarians have criticized it for its apparent discontinuity [ specify ] with Utilitarianism , and vagueness in defining the arena within which individuals can contest government infringements on their personal freedom of action. [ 3 ]
Berlin initially defined negative liberty as "freedom from", that is, the absence of constraints on the agent imposed by other people. He defined positive liberty both as "freedom to", that is, the ability (not just the opportunity) to pursue and achieve willed goals; and also as autonomy or self-rule, as opposed to dependence on others.