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To commit a change in git on the command line, assuming git is installed, the following command is run: [1] git commit -m 'commit message' This is also assuming that the files within the current directory have been staged as such: [2] git add . The above command adds all of the files in the working directory to be staged for the git commit.
Unstructured merge operates on raw text, typically using lines of text as atomic units. This is what Unix tools (diff/patch) and CVS tools (SVN, Git) use. This is limited [opinion], as a line of text does not represent the structure of source code.
If a Windows or Mac user pulls (downloads) a version of the repository with the malicious directory, then switches to that directory, the .git directory will be overwritten (due to the case-insensitive trait of the Windows and Mac filesystems) and the malicious executable files in .git/hooks may be run, which results in the attacker's commands ...
A commit to the central location will only be allowed if the gates are cleared. As an alternative this pattern can be realized using different branches in version control. For instance, GitHub can force all commits to a branch B to be merge commits from pull requests which have successfully been built on the CI server and are up-to-date (i.e ...
If the coordinator received an agreement message from all participants during the commit-request phase: The coordinator sends a commit message to all the participants. Each participant completes the operation, and releases all the locks and resources held during the transaction. Each participant sends an acknowledgement to the coordinator.
Git's design uses some ideas from Monotone, but the two projects do not share any core source code. Git has a much stronger focus on high performance, inspired by the lengthy history and demanding distributed modes of collaboration used by Torvalds and the other Linux kernel authors. Torvalds later commented on Monotone's design and performance:
For a planned development of version 3.x [2] no commits have been made to the 3.0 codebase since 2011. [3]In 2011 a fork of the 2.x codebase titled "WinMerge 2011" was created.
The three-phase commit protocol eliminates this problem by introducing the Prepared to commit state. If the coordinator fails before sending preCommit messages, the cohort will unanimously agree that the operation was aborted. The coordinator will not send out a doCommit message until all cohort members have ACKed that they are Prepared to commit.