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The Heaviside step function is an often-used step function. A constant function is a trivial example of a step function. Then there is only one interval, =. The sign function sgn(x), which is −1 for negative numbers and +1 for positive numbers, and is the simplest non-constant step function.
The square root is multivalued. One value can be chosen by convention as the principal value; in the case of the square root the non-negative value is the principal value, but there is no guarantee that the square root given as the principal value of the square of a number will be equal to the original number (e.g. the principal square root of ...
This crucial step completes a larger square of side length + . Completing the square is the oldest method of solving general quadratic equations , used in Old Babylonian clay tablets dating from 1800–1600 BCE, and is still taught in elementary algebra courses today.
No square root can be taken of a negative number within the system of real numbers, because squares of all real numbers are non-negative. The lack of real square roots for the negative numbers can be used to expand the real number system to the complex numbers, by postulating the imaginary unit i, which is one of the square roots of −1.
Signed zero is zero with an associated sign.In ordinary arithmetic, the number 0 does not have a sign, so that −0, +0 and 0 are equivalent. However, in computing, some number representations allow for the existence of two zeros, often denoted by −0 (negative zero) and +0 (positive zero), regarded as equal by the numerical comparison operations but with possible different behaviors in ...
Notice that the points (2,1) and (2,3) are on opposite sides of the line and (,) evaluates to positive or negative. A line splits a plane into halves and the half-plane that has a negative (,) can be called the negative half-plane, and the other half can be called the positive half-plane. This observation is very important in the remainder of ...
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In various areas of mathematics, the zero set of a function is the set of all its zeros. More precisely, if f : X → R {\displaystyle f:X\to \mathbb {R} } is a real-valued function (or, more generally, a function taking values in some additive group ), its zero set is f − 1 ( 0 ) {\displaystyle f^{-1}(0)} , the inverse image of { 0 ...