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The treatment of Clostridium perfringens infections depends on the type and severity of the condition. For severe infections, such as gas gangrene (clostridial myonecrosis), the primary approach involves surgical debridement of the affected area. This procedure removes devitalized tissue where bacteria grow, which limits the spread of the ...
This toxin has been shown to be the key virulence factor in infection with C. perfringens; the bacterium is unable to cause disease without this toxin. [1] Further, vaccination against the alpha toxin toxoid protects mice against C. perfringens gas gangrene. [2]
Clostridial necrotizing enteritis (CNE) is a severe and potentially fatal type of food poisoning caused by a β-toxin of Clostridium perfringens, [1] Type C. It occurs in some developing regions, particularly in New Guinea, where it is known as pig-bel.
Because C. perfringens beta toxin shares homology with S. aureus pore-forming alpha toxin, it was hypothesized that beta toxin acts in a similar way. Upon investigation, it was found that C. perfringens beta toxin forms cation-selective pores in cell membranes [4] of 1.6–1.8 nm [5] and results in swelling and lysis in HL60 cells. [6]
Clostridium perfringens causes a wide range of symptoms, from food poisoning to cellulitis, fasciitis, necrotic enteritis and gas gangrene. [16] [17] Clostridium tetani causes tetanus. Several more pathogenic species, that were previously described in Clostridium, have been found to belong to other genera. [6]
Clostridium species can cause diarrhea in dogs. Associated species include C. perfringens and Clostridioides difficile. [13] Kennel cough is an infectious respiratory disease that can be caused by one of several viruses or by Bordetella bronchiseptica. It most commonly occurs in dogs in close confinement such as in kennels. [14]
The major virulence factor of C. perfringens is the CPE enterotoxin, which is secreted upon invasion of the host gut, and contributes to food poisoning and other gastrointestinal illnesses. [3] It has a molecular weight of 35.3 kDa, and is responsible for the disintegration of tight junctions between epithelial cells in the gut. [6]
Clostridium perfringens (gangrene, food poisoning) Clostridioides difficile (pseudomembranous colitis) Clostridium tetani ; Clostridium botulinum ; Clostridium acetobutylicum (acetone–butanol–ethanol fermentation, or ABE process) Clostridium haemolyticum; Clostridium novyi (gas gangrene, infectious necrotic hepatitis)