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Each Imam was the son of the previous Imam, with the exception of Husayn Ibn Ali, who was the brother of Hasan Ibn Ali. [96] The twelfth and final Imam is Muhammad al-Mahdi, who is believed by the Twelvers to be currently alive, and in hiding. [99] The Shi'a Imams are seen as infallible.
The Shia community was relatively free in this period, [1] [13] and the early historian Abu al-Faraj al-Isfahani (d. 967) reports that stipends were given to the Alids, [29] that is, the descendants of Ali ibn Abi Talib (d. 661), the first Shia Imam. An Alid himself, Ali al-Hadi was also less restricted in this period.
Ali was the first of the Twelve Imams, and, in the Twelvers and Sufis' view, the rightful successor to Muhammad, followed by male descendants of Muhammad through his daughter Fatimah. Each Imam was the son of the previous Imam, with the exception of Husayn ibn Ali, who was the brother of Hasan ibn Ali.
The twelfth and final Imam is Muhammad al-Mahdi, who is believed by the Twelvers to be currently alive, and hidden in the Major Occultation until he returns to bring justice to the world. [6] It is believed by Twelver and Alevi Muslims that the Twelve Imams have been foretold in the Hadith of the 12 accomplishers. All of the Imams met unnatural ...
This also implied that every new piece of divine knowledge was presented first to the imam's predecessors and then to him. [90] At a mystical level, Muhammad, Fatima, and the twelve imams, collectively known as the fourteen infallibles, are said to have been created from a nobler substance than the clay from which prophets were made. [91]
Khalil Allah II Ali, last imam of Anjudan, 1671–1680. Shah Nizar II, established imamate in Kahak, 1680–1722. Sayyid Ali, in Kahak, 1722–1736. Sayyid Hasan Ali, established imamate in Shahr-e Babak, Kerman, 1736-1747, first Imam who abandoned the practice of taqiyya. Qasim Ali (Sayyid Ja'far), in Kerman, 1747-1756
According to the Hadith of the Twelve Successors, Muhammad said that the Islamic leadership is in Quraysh (i.e. his tribe) and that 12 "imams" (also called "princes" or "caliphs") shall succeed him. [35] [36] [37] Twelver Shias believe in twelve imams. They believe eleven of the imams were killed but that the twelfth imam is still alive.
After being set free by Yazid, Zaynab bint Ali, the daughter of Fatimah and Ali and the sister of Hasan and Husayn, started to spread the word of Karbala to the Muslim world, making speeches regarding the event. This was the first organized daʿwah of the Shia, which would later develop into an extremely spiritual institution for the Ismāʿīlīs.