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Historical Dictionary of Latvia (2008). online; Plakans, Andrejs. The Latvians: A Short History (1995). Shafir, Gershon. Immigrants and nationalists: Ethnic conflict and accommodation in Catalonia, the Basque Country, Latvia, and Estonia (SUNY Press, 1995) online Archived March 25, 2024, at the Wayback Machine.
An ultimatum was presented by the USSR to Latvia. 17 June: Soviet occupation of Latvia in 1940: Soviet troops occupied the country. 5 August: Latvia was incorporated into the Soviet Union, becoming the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic (SSR). 1941: 14 June: The first mass deportations of Latvians to various sites in the Soviet Union began. 1 July
Latvia (/ ˈ l æ t v i ə / ⓘ LAT-vee-ə, sometimes / ˈ l ɑː t v i ə / LAHT-vee-ə; Latvian: Latvija ⓘ), [14] officially the Republic of Latvia, [15] [16] is a country in the Baltic region of Northern Europe. It is one of the three Baltic states, along with Estonia to the north and Lithuania to the south.
This is a list of the ancient Baltic peoples and tribes. They spoke the Baltic languages (members of the broader Balto-Slavic), a branch of the Indo-European language family, which was originally spoken by tribes living in area east of Jutland peninsula, southern Baltic Sea coast in the west and Moscow, Oka and Volga rivers basins in the east, to the northwest of the Eurasian steppe.
The culture of Latvia combines traditional Latvian and Livonian heritage with influences of the country's varied historical heritage. Latvia is divided into several cultural and historical regions: Vidzeme , Latgale , Courland , Zemgale and Sēlija .
The Law assigns each parish and town in Latvia to one of the five historical Latvian regions: Vidzeme, Latgale, Kurzeme, Zemgale, and Sēlija. The state city of Riga , a Baltic metropolis, is a historical part of Vidzeme and the special identity and the particularities of the cultural and historical environment of Riga should be supported and ...
Christianity had come to Latvia as early as the 9th century, but it was the arrival of the Crusades at the end of the 12th century which brought the Germans and forcible conversion to Christianity; the German hegemony instituted over the Baltics lasted until independence—and is still preserved today in Riga's Jugendstil (German Art Nouveau ...
Latvia and Lithuania followed a similar process, until the completion of the Latvian War of Independence and Lithuanian Wars of Independence in 1920. According to the 1939 Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact , " the Baltic States (Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania) " were divided into German and Soviet "spheres of influence" (German copy).