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The United States has developed many space programs since the beginning of the spaceflight era in the mid-20th century. The government runs space programs by three primary agencies: NASA for civil space; the United States Space Force for military space; and the National Reconnaissance Office for intelligence space. These entities have invested ...
These included military programs—with and without the Almaz/Salyut space stations—and two lunar programs, only one of which aimed at an actual lunar landing. In the end, only the orbital program and the space station program went ahead. Few of the cosmonauts from this group ever were given the chance to fly. November – USAF MOL Group 1 (USA)
The following is a list of women who have traveled into space, sorted by date of first flight. This list includes Russian cosmonauts , who were the first women in outer space. Valentina Tereshkova became the first woman to go to space in 1963, very early in crewed space exploration , and it would be almost twenty years before another flew ...
The role of women in and affiliated with NASA has varied over time. As early as 1922 women were working as physicists and in other technical positions. [1] Throughout the 1930s to the present, more women joined the NASA teams not only at Langley Memorial, but at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, the Glenn Research Center, and other numerous NASA sites throughout the United States. [2]
Space programs allowed women generally only well into the space age, with NASA opening its space program in 1976. When Sally Ride became the first female US astronaut to go into space in 1983, the press asked her questions about her reproductive organs and whether she would cry if things went wrong on the job. [40]
This is an alphabetical list of astronauts, people selected to train for a human spaceflight program to command, pilot, or serve as a crew member of a spacecraft. For a list of everyone who has flown in space, see List of space travelers by name. More than 600 people have been trained as astronauts.
Program Start date First crewed flight End date No. of crewed missions launched Notes Mercury program: 1958 1961: 1963: 6: First U.S. crewed program Gemini program: 1961 1965: 1966: 10: Program used to practice space rendezvous and EVAs: Apollo program: 1960 1968: 1972: 11: Landed first humans on the Moon Skylab: 1964 1973: 1974: 3: First ...
Amelia Earhart's Daughters: the Wild and Glorious Story of American Women Aviators from World War II to the Dawn of the Space Age, by Leslie Haynsworth and David Toomey; Right Stuff, Wrong Sex: America's First Women in Space Program by Margaret A. Weitekamp; The Mercury 13: The True Story of Thirteen Women and the Dream of Space Flight by ...