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A limestone pavement is a natural karst landform consisting of a flat, incised surface of exposed limestone that resembles an artificial pavement. [1] The term is mainly used in the UK and Ireland, where many of these landforms have developed distinctive surface patterning resembling paving blocks. [ 2 ]
The solubility of the limestone in weakly acidic water has resulted in the development of a wide range of surface karst features such as limestone pavements, dry valleys, sinkholes and resurgences along with very extensive cave networks including the Three Counties System which, with over 86km of known passage, is the longest in the UK. [9]
The formation of Carboniferous Limestone was followed by the deposition of dark marine shales, siltstones and coarse sandstones of the Millstone Grit, notably in the area later uplifted to form the Pennine anticline. This sequence can be seen in the Yorkshire Dales with Ingleborough protruding up above the Carboniferous Limestone landscape below.
There are other more local names for similar landforms, such as a pavement barren, although this term is also used for similar landforms based on sandstone. [12] In the United Kingdom the exposed landform is called a limestone pavement and thinly covered limestone is known as calcareous grassland .
Malham Cove is a large curved limestone formation 0.6 miles (1 km) north of the village of Malham, North Yorkshire, England.It was formed by a waterfall carrying meltwater from glaciers at the end of the last Ice Age more than 12,000 years ago.
In 1998, ARC announced it would cease quarrying completely at the site, leaving behind possible reserves of 2,300,000 tonnes (2,500,000 tons) of limestone and limestone pavement. [ 10 ] [ 11 ] In 2000, the former Ribblehead Quarry site became part of the Ingleborough National Nature Reserve. [ 12 ]
Warton Crag is a limestone hill in north west Lancashire, England. It lies to the north west of Warton village, in City of Lancaster district. At 163 metres (535 ft) it is the highest point in the Arnside and Silverdale Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty , [ 1 ] and is listed as a " HuMP " or "Hundred Metre Prominence", having a "drop" or ...
The return to Clapham can be varied by taking the Horton-in-Ribblesdale path for 2 miles (3 km) before striking south through more limestone pavement to the small top of Norber; a descent past the famed Norber erratics (Norber Boulders) finishes a walk of 11.5 miles (18.5 km) that Wainwright considered the finest walk in the Yorkshire Dales.