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The Synchro-mesh 465 or SM465 is a heavy-duty, four-speed manual transmission built by General Motors for use in light and medium duty trucks from 1968 to 1991 at the factory in Muncie, Indiana; it was designed to replace the somewhat similar Muncie SM420 transmission, which had been in production since just after World War II.
Later, European and Japanese models began to have 4-speed column shifters with this shift pattern: A majority of North American-spec vehicles sold in the U.S. and Canada had a 3-speed column-mounted shifter—the first generation Chevrolet/GMC vans of 1964–70 vintage had an ultra-rare 4-speed column shifter.
A dog-leg gearbox or dogleg gearbox is a manual transmission shift pattern distinguished by an up-over-up shift between first and second gear. [1] The layout derives its name from a dog's hind leg, with its sharp angles. Dog leg gearboxes were replaced in most mass production vehicles by transmissions with a standard gear layout.
This was so named because it began with Chevrolet's V8 engines. Chevrolet big-block V8s; Chevrolet small-block V8s; GM Vortec 4300 90° V6; GM Iron Duke RWD inline 4 (early RWD Variants, later versions may use a FWD pattern, and have two possible starter locations) Jeep with GM Iron Duke inline 4 2.5L/151 in 3 (1980-1983).
New Process Gear A833 RPO MY6 or MM7 — 4-speed longitudinal A833 overdrive transmission made by New Process Gear for early to mid 1980s General Motors Light Trucks; Muncie SM465 — 4-speed longitudinal manual used in 68- 91 Chevy 1/2 3/4 and 1 ton trucks; New Venture Gear NV1500 — 5-speed longitudinal manual made by New Venture Gear
The police package (9C1) B-body cars featured a First Gear Block Out (FGBO) Plate on the transmission housing to prevent drivetrain damage. The shift point for first to second gear is about 43 MPH (69 km/h) while second to third gear shift point is about 83 MPH (134 km/h) assuming a 3.08:1 differential and a 5,500 RPM engine speed limit.
The design removed the need for the driver to master the timing of using a clutch pedal and shift lever in order to achieve a smooth shift in a non-synchromesh manual transmission. [1] Most pre-selector transmissions avoid a driver-controlled clutch entirely. Some use one solely for starting from a standstill. [2]
A shift kit is also intended to reduce the shift time of a manual vehicle. With a manual transmission, upshift time can be reduced by installing a lighter flywheel. During an upshift, the engine speed must decrease to synchronize with a higher gear; a lighter flywheel will allow the engine speed to drop more quickly, leading to shorter shift times.