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Standard examples of data-driven languages are the text-processing languages sed and AWK, [1] and the document transformation language XSLT, where the data is a sequence of lines in an input stream – these are thus also known as line-oriented languages – and pattern matching is primarily done via regular expressions or line numbers.
APL allows setting the index origin to 0 or 1 during runtime programmatically. [9] [10] Some recent languages, such as Lua and Visual Basic, have adopted the same convention for the same reason. Zero is the lowest unsigned integer value, one of the most fundamental types in programming and hardware design.
This process is called raising the index. Raising and then lowering the same index (or conversely) are inverse operations, which is reflected in the metric and inverse metric tensors being inverse to each other (as is suggested by the terminology): = = =
Pandas – High-performance computing (HPC) data structures and data analysis tools for Python in Python and Cython (statsmodels, scikit-learn) Perl Data Language – Scientific computing with Perl; Ploticus – software for generating a variety of graphs from raw data; PSPP – A free software alternative to IBM SPSS Statistics
Python sets are very much like mathematical sets, and support operations like set intersection and union. Python also features a frozenset class for immutable sets, see Collection types. Dictionaries (class dict) are mutable mappings tying keys and corresponding values. Python has special syntax to create dictionaries ({key: value})
For example, in time series analysis, a plot of the sample autocorrelations versus (the time lags) is an autocorrelogram. If cross-correlation is plotted, the result is called a cross-correlogram . The correlogram is a commonly used tool for checking randomness in a data set .
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A pivot table is a table of values which are aggregations of groups of individual values from a more extensive table (such as from a database, spreadsheet, or business intelligence program) within one or more discrete categories. The aggregations or summaries of the groups of the individual terms might include sums, averages, counts, or other ...