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Etymology (/ ˌ ɛ t ɪ ˈ m ɒ l ə dʒ i /, ET-im-OL-ə-jee [1]) is the study of the origin and evolution of words—including their constituent units of sound and meaning—across time. [2]
For many words in any language, the etymology will be uncertain, disputed, or simply unknown. In such cases, depending on the space available, an etymological dictionary will present various suggestions and perhaps make a judgement on their likelihood, and provide references to a full discussion in specialist literature .
The core body of its etymology information stems from The Barnhart Dictionary of Etymology by Robert Barnhart, Ernest Klein's Comprehensive Etymology Dictionary of the English Language, The Middle English Compendium, The Oxford English Dictionary, and the 1889–1902 Century Dictionary. [5] Harper also researches on digital archives.
Non-loanwords Proto-Indo-European — Proto-Germanic — Anglo-Saxon; How words have been loaned from various languages to (many) other languages: Australian Aboriginal — African — Afrikaans — Algonquian — Arabic — Bengali — Chinese — Czech — Dutch — Etruscan — French — German — Greek — Hawaiian — Hebrew — Hindi — Hungarian — Irish — Italian — Japanese ...
This is a list of English words inherited and derived directly from the Old English stage of the language. This list also includes neologisms formed from Old English roots and/or particles in later forms of English, and words borrowed into other languages (e.g. French, Anglo-French, etc.) then borrowed back into English (e.g. bateau, chiffon, gourmet, nordic, etc.).
Etymological Dictionary of Slavic Languages; Etymological Dictionary of the Altaic Languages; Etymological Dictionary of the Finnish Language; Etymologicum Magnum; The Etymologies (Tolkien) Euskal Hiztegi Historiko-Etimologikoa
Online Etymology Dictionary; Dictionary.com, whose entries are based on the 2006 edition of the Random House Dictionary of the English Language, has etymologies for most English words. The Tower of Babel has a number of etymological databases compiled by Sergei Starostin and others, but note that many are not widely accepted.
This list contains Germanic elements of the English language which have a close corresponding Latinate form. The correspondence is semantic—in most cases these words are not cognates, but in some cases they are doublets, i.e., ultimately derived from the same root, generally Proto-Indo-European, as in cow and beef, both ultimately from PIE *gʷōus.