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  2. Negative air ions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative_air_ions

    Due to the strong electronegativity of oxygen and oxygen-containing molecules, they can easily capture free electrons to form negatively charged air ions, most of which are superoxide radicals ·O 2 −, so NAI is mainly composed of negative oxygen ions, also called air negative oxygen ions.

  3. Metallic bonding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallic_bonding

    Metallic bonding is a type of chemical bonding that arises from the electrostatic attractive force between conduction electrons (in the form of an electron cloud of delocalized electrons) and positively charged metal ions. It may be described as the sharing of free electrons among a structure of positively charged ions .

  4. Ionic bonding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionic_bonding

    The oppositely charged ions – typically a great many of them – are then attracted to each other to form solid sodium fluoride. Ionic bonding is a type of chemical bonding that involves the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions , or between two atoms with sharply different electronegativities , [ 1 ] and is the primary ...

  5. Metal ions in aqueous solution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metal_ions_in_aqueous_solution

    A metal ion in aqueous solution or aqua ion is a cation, dissolved in water, of chemical formula [M(H 2 O) n] z+. The solvation number , n , determined by a variety of experimental methods is 4 for Li + and Be 2+ and 6 for most elements in periods 3 and 4 of the periodic table .

  6. Ionization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionization

    Adiabatic ionization is a form of ionization in which an electron is removed from or added to an atom or molecule in its lowest energy state to form an ion in its lowest energy state. [ 16 ] The Townsend discharge is a good example of the creation of positive ions and free electrons due to ion impact.

  7. Alkali metal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkali_metal

    They form various types of oxides, such as simple oxides (containing the O 2− ion), peroxides (containing the O 2− 2 ion, where there is a single bond between the two oxygen atoms), superoxides (containing the O − 2 ion), and many others. Lithium burns in air to form lithium oxide, but sodium reacts with oxygen to form a mixture of sodium ...

  8. Alkaline earth metal - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaline_earth_metal

    Barium sulfate has many uses in the petroleum industry, [4] [80] and other industries. [4] [61] [81] Radium has many former applications based on its radioactivity, but its use is no longer common because of the adverse health effects and long half-life.

  9. Reduction potential - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reduction_potential

    In aqueous solutions, redox potential is a measure of the tendency of the solution to either gain or lose electrons in a reaction. A solution with a higher (more positive) reduction potential than some other molecule will have a tendency to gain electrons from this molecule (i.e. to be reduced by oxidizing this other molecule) and a solution with a lower (more negative) reduction potential ...