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Persian is a member of the Western Iranian group of the Iranian languages, which make up a branch of the Indo-European languages in their Indo-Iranian subdivision.The Western Iranian languages themselves are divided into two subgroups: Southwestern Iranian languages, of which Persian is the most widely spoken, and Northwestern Iranian languages, of which Kurdish and Balochi are the most widely ...
Iranian Persian (Persian: فارسی ایرانی, romanized: Fârsi-ye Irâni), [2] [3] Western Persian [4] or Western Farsi, [5] natively simply known as Persian (Persian: فارسی, romanized: Fârsi), refers to the varieties of the Persian language spoken in Iran and by others in neighboring countries, as well as by Iranian communities throughout the world.
Persian is classified as an Iranian language, whereas Urdu is an Indo-Aryan language. They fall under the larger grouping of the Indo-Iranian languages, and hence share some linguistic features due to common descent. However, the majority of influence from Persian is direct, through a process often called Persianization.
The Persian alphabet (Persian: الفبای فارسی, romanized: Alefbâ-ye Fârsi), also known as the Perso-Arabic script, is the right-to-left alphabet used for the Persian language. It is a variation of the Arabic script with five additional letters: پ چ ژ گ (the sounds 'g', 'zh', 'ch', and 'p', respectively), in addition to the ...
A Grammar Of The Persian Language: To Which Are Subjoined Several Dialogues; With An Alphabetical List Of The English And Persian Terms Of Grammar. Johnson, Edwin Lee (1917). Historical Grammar of the Ancient Persian Language. Jones, Sir William (1771). A Grammar of the Persian Language. Kent, Roland G. (1950). Old Persian: Grammar, Texts, Lexicon.
The Persians (/ ˈ p ɜːr ʒ ən z / PUR-zhənz or / ˈ p ɜːr ʃ ən z / PUR-shənz) are a Western Iranian ethnic group who comprise the majority of the population of Iran. [4] They share a common cultural system and are native speakers of the Persian language [6] [7] [8] as well as of the languages that are closely related to Persian.
Dari Persian has contributed to the majority of Persian borrowings in several Indo-Aryan languages, such as Urdu, Hindi, Punjabi, Bengali and others, as it was the administrative, official, cultural language of the Persianate Mughal Empire and served as the lingua franca throughout the Indian subcontinent for centuries.
As a group of eastern Persian varieties which are considered the more formal and classical varieties of Persian, [citation needed] Hazaragi retains the voiced fricative [ɣ], and the bilabial articulation of [w] has borrowed the (rare) [clarification needed] retroflexes [ʈ] and [ɖ]; as in buṭ (meaning "boot") vs. but (meaning "idol") (cf ...