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Space pharmacology is the application of biomedical engineering that studies the use and dynamics of drugs or pharmaceuticals in space environments. Falling in the realm of space medicine , outer space drug delivery is the practical application of using drugs to treat disorders that may arise due to space's extreme conditions, such as ...
SpacePharma is a Swiss–Israeli biotechnology company with a primary focus on conducting scientific experiments in microgravity conditions. The company was the first fully private, commercially oriented company established with the specific intention to conduct pharmaceutical research and development and manufacturing in space.
Hubertus Strughold (1898–1987), a former Nazi physician and physiologist, was brought to the United States after World War II as part of Operation Paperclip. [6] He first coined the term "space medicine" in 1948 and was the first and only Professor of Space Medicine at the School of Aviation Medicine (SAM) at Randolph Air Force Base, Texas.
Fused deposition modeling technology [12] was made available to the public domain in 2009, and is currently a commonly used approach to 3D drug printing. The process begins with a polymer filament that incorporates the drug. This filament is fed through a high-temperature nozzle by two rollers, controlled by computer software to print.
A fundamental step in overcoming this challenge is trying to understand the effects of long-term space travel on the human body. In October 2015, the NASA Office of Inspector General issued a health hazards report related to space exploration, including a human mission to Mars. [9] [10]
The study involved 24 astronauts from the U.S., European and Japanese space agencies who traveled aboard the International Space Station for up to 26 weeks. Study documents headaches experienced ...
[80] [81] In the first 28 U.S. Space Shuttle flights (2–11 d duration), serum insulin levels (n = 129) were elevated by 55% on landing day compared to before flight. [82] Russian space life science investigators reported two-fold or greater increases in insulin levels in three cosmonauts within 1 day after they returned from a 237-d flight. [83]
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