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Tympanic membrane retraction describes a condition in which a part of the eardrum lies deeper within the ear than its normal position.. The eardrum comprises two parts: the pars tensa, which is the main part of the eardrum, and the pars flaccida, which is a smaller part of the eardrum located above the pars tensa.
The other main type is otitis media with effusion (OME), typically not associated with symptoms, [1] although occasionally a feeling of fullness is described; [4] it is defined as the presence of non-infectious fluid in the middle ear which may persist for weeks or months often after an episode of acute otitis media. [4]
Major causes are ear infections or conditions that block the eustachian tube, such as allergies or tumors. [3] Blocking of the eustachian tube leads to decreased pressure in the middle ear relative to the external ear, and this causes decreased motion of both the ossicles and the tympanic membrane. [4] Acute or Serous otitis media
Psychoacoustics is the branch of psychophysics involving the scientific study of the perception of sound by the human auditory system.It is the branch of science studying the psychological responses associated with sound including noise, speech, and music.
Atelectasis is the partial collapse or closure of a lung resulting in reduced or absence in gas exchange. It is usually unilateral, affecting part or all of one lung. [2] It is a condition where the alveoli are deflated down to little or no volume, as distinct from pulmonary consolidation, in which they are filled with liquid.
Auditory processing disorder (APD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting the way the brain processes sounds. [2] Individuals with APD usually have normal structure and function of the ear, but cannot process the information they hear in the same way as others do, which leads to difficulties in recognizing and interpreting sounds, especially the sounds composing speech.
Hyperacusis is an increased sensitivity to sound and a low tolerance for environmental noise. Definitions of hyperacusis can vary significantly; it often revolves around damage to or dysfunction of the stapes bone, stapedius muscle or tensor tympani ().
The human ear is made up of three areas: the outer, middle and inner ear. Within the inner ear sits the cochlea. The cochlea is a snail-shaped formation that enables sound transmission via a sensorineural route, rather than through a conductive pathway. [11] The cochlea is a complex structure, consisting of three layers of fluid.