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Party-list proportional representation (list-PR) is a system of proportional representation based on preregistered political parties, with each party being allocated a certain number of seats roughly proportional to their share of the vote.
A party-list system is a type of electoral system that formally involves political parties in the electoral process, usually to facilitate multi-winner elections.In party-list systems, parties put forward a list of candidates, the party-list who stand for election on one ticket.
Conversely, the representation achieved under PR electoral systems is typically proportional to a district's population size (seats per set amount of population), votes cast (votes per winner), and party vote share (in party-based systems such as party-list PR). (Party-proportionality is also evident in many PR systems where party labels are used.)
Party-list proportional representation. list-PR. Largest remainder Highest averages Binomial voting: semi-proportional / proportional: No multi-winner: list (+ candidate, if open list) quota or divisor method: single choice 1 (effectively) — Superposition - non-compensatory combination of FPTP + List-PR (Supplementary member system) (Parallel ...
Open list describes any variant of party-list proportional representation where voters have at least some influence on the order in which a party's candidates are elected. . This is as opposed to closed list, in which party lists are in a predetermined, fixed order by the time of the election and gives the general voter no influence at all on the position of the candidates placed on the party l
Promissory representation is a form of representation in which representatives are chosen and assessed based on the promises they make to the people they represent during election campaigns. For Mansbridge, promissory representation, preoccupied with how representatives are chosen (authorized) and held to account through elections, is the ...
The version of block voting using electoral lists instead of individual candidates (general ticket or party block voting) was almost completely replaced by party-list proportional voting systems, which fully abandon the winner-take-all ideal in favor of equal representation.
Localized or local list systems of party-list proportional representation hold elections in small (local) electoral districts, while still maintaining proportional representation at the national level. Voting takes place in small district, but localized list rules differ from single-member districts in that each district, some or all of the ...