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The example of flammable, having the same meaning as inflammable, is an example of analogical creation, as the word flammable has been created and added to the language system. Analogical maintenance occurs when a regular sound change is prevented from occurring on the basis of analogy.
Analogy is a comparison or correspondence between two things (or two groups of things) because of a third element that they are considered to share. [1]In logic, it is an inference or an argument from one particular to another particular, as opposed to deduction, induction, and abduction.
The two things compared in a figurative analogy are not obviously comparable in most respects. [2] Metaphors and similes are two types of figurative analogies. In the course of analogical reasoning, figurative analogies become weak if the disanalogies of the entities being compared are relevant—in the same way that literal analogies become ...
Literal usage confers meaning to words, in the sense of the meaning words have by themselves, [4] for example as defined in a dictionary. It maintains a consistent meaning regardless of the context , [ 5 ] with the intended meaning of a phrase corresponding exactly to the meaning of its individual words. [ 6 ]
The etymology of a word may uncover a metaphorical usage which has since become obscured with persistent use - such as for example the English word "window", etymologically equivalent to "wind eye". [7] The word metaphor itself is a metaphor, coming from a Greek term meaning 'transference (of ownership)'.
A simile (/ ˈ s ɪ m əl i /) is a type of figure of speech that directly compares two things. [1] [2] Similes are often contrasted with metaphors, where similes necessarily compare two things using words such as "like", "as", while metaphors often create an implicit comparison (i.e. saying something "is" something else).
A false analogy is an informal fallacy, or a faulty instance, of the argument from analogy. An argument from analogy is weakened if it is inadequate in any of the above respects . The term "false analogy" comes from the philosopher John Stuart Mill , who was one of the first individuals to examine analogical reasoning in detail. [ 2 ]
For example, the phrase, "John, my best friend" uses the scheme known as apposition. Tropes (from Greek trepein, 'to turn') change the general meaning of words. An example of a trope is irony, which is the use of words to convey the opposite of their usual meaning ("For Brutus is an honorable man; / So are they all, all honorable men").