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The Tao Te Ching [note 1] (traditional Chinese: 道德經; simplified Chinese: 道德经) or Laozi is a Chinese classic text and foundational work of Taoism traditionally credited to the sage Laozi, though the text's authorship and date of composition and compilation are debated. [7] The oldest excavated portion dates to the late 4th century BC ...
Zhenren (Chinese: 真人; pinyin: zhēnrén; Wade–Giles: chen-jen; lit. 'true/ upright/ genuine person' or 'person of truth') is a Chinese term that first appeared in the Zhuangzi meaning "a Taoist spiritual master" in those writings, as in one who has mastered realization of the Tao.
The Tao Te Ching is the oldest text and representative of a speculative and philosophical approach to the Tao. The Daotilun is an eighth century exegesis of the Tao Te Ching , written from a well-educated and religious viewpoint that represents the traditional, scholarly perspective.
They include some of the earliest attested manuscripts of existing texts (such as the I Ching), two copies of the Tao Te Ching, a copy of Zhan Guo Ce, works by Gan De and Shi Shen, and previously unknown medical texts such as Wushi'er Bingfang (Prescriptions for Fifty-Two Ailments). [1] Scholars arranged them into 28 types of silk books.
Upon repenting, he abandoned butchery and retired to a remote mountain for cultivation of the Tao. [ citation needed ] One day, after assisting a woman in labor, as he cleaned her blood stained clothes in a river nearby, the words "Dark (or Mysterious) Heavenly Highest Deity" ( 玄天上帝 Xuántiān Shàngdì ) appeared before him.
The phrase ziran's use in Daoism is rooted in the Tao Te Ching (chapters 17, 23, 25, 51, 64), written around 400 BCE. [4] Ziran is a central concept of Daoism, closely tied to the practice of wuwei, detached or effortless action. Ziran refers to a state of "as-it-isness," [5] the most important quality for anyone following Daoist beliefs.
Liezi is known as one of the three most important texts in Taoism, together with the Tao Te Ching and Zhuangzi. [11] Outside of Taoism, the biji genre story Yi Jian Zhi by Hong Mai borrowed the character of Yi Jian, a contemporary of the ancient mythical emperor Yu, from Liezi. [12]
The Tao Te Ching translates as "the classic of the way ". The writings of the Tao Te Ching support passive behaviour and promote natural harmony with nature. The main underlying theme to the writings is the value of wu wei , (non-striving) “by which one returns to a primitive state closer to the Tao”.