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The conservation and restoration of ivory objects is the process of maintaining and preserving objects that are ivory or include ivory material. Conservation and restoration are aimed at preserving the ivory material and physical form along with the objects condition and treatment documentation. Activities dedicated to the preservation of ivory ...
Air-drying is the simplest method but must be conducted carefully and monitored well, as bone, horn, antler, and ivory objects are each susceptible to fluctuations in temperature and humidity and liable to crack. [3] Air drying is the simplest method, and should be slow and controlled as the risks include swelling, cracking, and delamination.
A depiction of the Blessed Virgin Mary and the Child Jesus crafted in elephant ivory An ivory tabernacle featuring the Madonna of Caress, France. Both the Greek and Roman civilizations practiced ivory carving to make large quantities of high value works of art, precious religious objects, and decorative boxes for costly objects.
The Venus of Brassempouy, about 25,000 BP 11th-century Anglo-Saxon ivory cross reliquary of walrus ivory. Ivory carving is the carving of ivory, that is to say animal tooth or tusk, generally by using sharp cutting tools, either mechanically or manually. Objects carved in ivory are often called "ivories".
Before the Berlin Conference of 1885, traders and explorers to Africa purchased or stole art as souvenirs and curios, [4] spreading beyond the coast; ivory objects made along African coasts had been collected for centuries, and many were made by Africans for purchase by Europeans, mainly in areas reached by the Portuguese, such as the Afro-Portuguese ivories.
5 ivory objects 6,900 cowry shells (used as currency during the Shang dynasty) Below the corpse was a small pit holding the remains of six sacrificial dogs, and along the edge lay the skeletons of 16 human slaves, evidence of human sacrifice.
The Japanese also carved imported hornbill ivory into such objects as netsuke. By the early 20th century, the helmeted hornbill became rare because it was slaughtered for its casque. Now legal trade in hornbill ivory is limited to certified antiques, and hornbill-ivory carvings are more valuable than those of any true ivory. [4]
Elephant Ivory. The quality of the craft of pyxides was vital due to the expense of ivory. Among Islamic, Christian, and Roman carvings, a sign of good workmanship was a lack of tool marks. [11] The carving of small objects such as pyxides took precision and time which also added to the overall price. [12]