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Parental alienation is a theorized process through which a child becomes estranged from one parent as the result of the psychological manipulation of another parent. [1] [2] The child's estrangement may manifest itself as fear, disrespect or hostility toward the distant parent, and may extend to additional relatives or parties.
Parental alienation syndrome is a term coined by child psychiatrist Richard A. Gardner drawing upon his clinical experiences in the early 1980s. [2] [3] The concept of one parent attempting to separate their child from the other parent as punishment or part of a divorce have been described since at least the 1940s, [8] [9] but Gardner was the first to define a specific syndrome.
Richard A. Warshak (born December 18, 1949) is an American clinical and research psychologist and author. He is best known for his research and advocacy in the areas of child custody, shared parenting, and claims of parental alienation in the context of divorce.
Family Courts should give more weight to allegations of domestic abuse than to claims of so called "parental alienation", it says
Richard Alan Gardner (April 28, 1931 – May 25, 2003) was an American child psychiatrist known for his work in psychotherapy with children, parental alienation and child custody evaluations. [2] Based on his clinical work with children and families, Gardner introduced the term parental alienation syndrome (PAS), which is now "largely rejected ...
Most "gatekeeping" situations are studied with consenting married couples who are first-time parents. Parenting situation studies using divorced couples and out-of-wedlock parenting relationships that show very similar or identical behavioral characteristics as married couples with children are usually studied as Parental Interference, Parental Alienation, Maternal Alienation, and Abuse by Proxy.
Dr Gummer advocates a more balanced approach when it comes to parent-child interaction: guide your children through life, but also encourage them to question things and explore on their own.
Examples include verbal manipulation such as spreading gossip about the other parent, communicating with the parent through the child (and in the process exposing the child to the risks of the other parent's displeasure with that communication) rather than doing so directly, trying to obtain information through the child , or causing the child ...