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Fritz Haber (German: [ˈfʁɪt͡s ˈhaːbɐ] ⓘ; 9 December 1868 – 29 January 1934) was a German chemist who received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1918 for his invention of the Haber process, a method used in industry to synthesize ammonia from nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas.
The history of the Haber process begins with the invention of the Haber process at the dawn of the twentieth century. The process allows the economical fixation of atmospheric dinitrogen in the form of ammonia, which in turn allows for the industrial synthesis of various explosives and nitrogen fertilizers, and is probably the most important industrial process developed during the twentieth ...
In France, Jean Baptiste Boussingault (1802–1887) pointed out that the amount of nitrogen in various kinds of fertilizers is important. Metallurgists Percy Gilchrist (1851–1935) and Sidney Gilchrist Thomas (1850–1885) invented the Gilchrist–Thomas process, which enabled the use of high phosphorus acidic Continental ores for steelmaking.
The dissociative adsorption of nitrogen on the surface follows the following scheme, where S* symbolizes an iron atom on the surface of the catalyst: [44] N 2 → S * –N 2 (γ-species) → S*–N 2 –S * (α-species) → 2 S*–N (β-species, surface nitride) The adsorption of nitrogen is similar to the chemisorption of carbon monoxide.
Nitrogen fertilizers are made from ammonia (NH 3) produced by the Haber–Bosch process. [28] In this energy-intensive process, natural gas (CH 4) usually supplies the hydrogen, and the nitrogen (N 2) is derived from the air. This ammonia is used as a feedstock for all other nitrogen fertilizers, such as anhydrous ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3 ...
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From there, the trio made the jump from small clubs to the big time. Young, Baker, and Harris started working at one of the most storied live venues for Black music of the time, the Uptown Theater.
Justus Freiherr von Liebig [a] (12 May 1803 – 20 April 1873) [2] was a German scientist who made major contributions to the theory, practice, and pedagogy of chemistry, as well as to agricultural and biological chemistry; he is considered one of the principal founders of organic chemistry. [3]