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Eventually, 15 August became Independence Day for India marking the end of British India. Also on 15 August, both Pakistan and India had the right to remain in or remove themselves from the British Commonwealth. Violent clashes between Hindus, Sikhs, and Muslims followed.
It is also called Crown rule in India, [13] or Direct rule in India. [14] The region under British control was commonly called India in contemporaneous usage and included areas directly administered by the United Kingdom , which were collectively called British India , and areas ruled by indigenous rulers, but under British paramountcy , called ...
Ultimately, the British government realised that India was ungovernable in the long run, and the question for the postwar era became how to exit gracefully and peacefully. In 1945, when the World War 2 had almost come to an end, the Labour Party of the United Kingdom won elections with a promise to provide independence to India.
Indian Independence Act 1947, an act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that granted de facto independence to India and Pakistan Partition of India, the split of British India into modern India and Pakistan; Independence Day (India), India's national day and public holiday on August 15 marking independence from the British Empire
The assets of the British East India Company became so huge that the British government decided to step in. India served as the main base for the British Empire's expansion across Asia and would remain the empire's most important asset and main source of income as well as soldiers until independence. Queen Victoria became Empress of India in 1876.
By the middle of the century, the British had already gained direct or indirect control over almost all parts of India. British India , consisting of the directly ruled British presidencies and provinces , contained the most populous and valuable parts of the British Empire and thus became known as "the jewel in the British crown".
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In pre-independence India, the main parties were the Congress and the Muslim league. There were also many other parties such as the Hindu mahasabha, Justice party, the Akali dal, the Communist party etc. during this period with limited or regional appeal. With the eclipse of the Muslim league due to partition, the Congress party was able to ...