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Common side effects include vomiting, diarrhea, rash, and increased liver enzymes. [5] Serious side effects may include liver problems, QT prolongation, and seizures. [5] During pregnancy it may increase the risk of miscarriage while large doses may cause birth defects. [6] [5] Fluconazole is in the azole antifungal family of medication. [5]
For patients who cannot tolerate oral medication, IV fluconazole can be used alternatively. [3] Other oral triazoles, such as itraconazole and voriconazole can be other options. [3] Amphotericin B can be used in nonresponsive cases, but should not be used routinely due to its serious side effects. [3]
Itraconazole is a relatively well-tolerated drug (although not as well tolerated as fluconazole or voriconazole) and the range of adverse effects it produces is similar to the other azole antifungals: [22] elevated alanine aminotransferase levels are found in 4% of people taking itraconazole
The most common side effects include abnormal liver tests, nausea, vomiting, difficulty breathing, abdominal pain, diarrhea, injection site reactions, headache, low blood potassium and skin rash. [10] Isavuconazonium is a prodrug of isavuconazole. [13]
Posaconazole is absorbed within three to five hours. It is predominantly eliminated through the liver, and has a half-life of about 35 hours. Oral administration of posaconazole taken with a high-fat meal exceeds 90% bioavailability and increases the concentration by four times compared to fasting state.
The side effects of ketoconazole are sometimes harnessed in the treatment of non-fungal conditions. While ketoconazole blocks the synthesis of the sterol ergosterol in fungi, in humans, at high dosages (>800 mg/day), it potently inhibits the activity of several enzymes necessary for the conversion of cholesterol to steroid hormones such as ...
The drug is eliminated renally. In normal patients flucytosine has reportedly a half-life of 2.5 to 6 hours. In patients with impaired renal function higher serum levels are seen and the drug tends to accumulate. The drug is mainly excreted unchanged in the urine (90% of an oral dose) and only traces are metabolized and excreted in the feces.
Drugs and drug candidates in this class are fungicidal against some yeasts (most species of Candida, but not Cryptococcus, Trichosporon, and Rhodotorula).Echinocandins also have displayed activity against Candida biofilms, especially in synergistic activity with amphotericin B and additive activity with fluconazole.