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Mohism or Moism (/ ˈ m oʊ ɪ z əm /, Chinese: 墨家; pinyin: Mòjiā; lit. 'School of Mo') was an ancient Chinese philosophy of ethics and logic, rational thought, and scientific technology developed by the scholars who studied under the ancient Chinese philosopher Mozi (c. 470 BC – c. 391 BC), embodied in an eponymous book: the Mozi .
The term was not used to describe these different philosophies until Confucianism, Mohism, and Legalism were created. [3] The era in which they flourished was one of turbulence in China, [4] fraught with chaos and mass militarization, but where Chinese philosophy was developed and patronized by competing bureaucracies. This phenomenon has been ...
Confucianism (as interpreted by Mencius and others), Legalism, Taoism, Mohism, Agriculturalism, two strains of Diplomatists, the Logicians, Sun Tzu's Militarists; Naturalists; Although only the first three of these went on to receive imperial patronage in later dynasties, doctrines from each influenced the others and Chinese society in ...
This period is considered the golden age of Chinese philosophy. Of the many schools founded at this time and during the subsequent Warring States period, the four most influential ones were Confucianism, Daoism (often spelled "Taoism"), Mohism and Legalism. [12] [13]
While Confucianism was the ideology of the law, the institutions and the ruling class, Taoism was the worldview of the radical intellectuals and it was also compatible with the spiritual beliefs of the peasants and the artisans. The two, although opposite ends of the philosophical spectrum, jointly created the Chinese "image of the world". [4]
The Shizi is an eclectic Chinese classic written by Shi Jiao 尸佼 (c. 390–330 BCE), and the earliest text from Chinese philosophical school of Zajia (雜家 "Syncretism"), which combined ideas from the Hundred Schools of Thought, including Confucianism, Daoism, Mohism, and Legalism.
During the Han dynasty (206 BC – 220 AD), Confucian approaches edged out the "proto-Taoist" Huang–Lao as the official ideology, while the emperors mixed both with the realist techniques of Legalism. [4] Confucianism regards principles contained in the Five Classics, the key tenets that should be followed to promote the harmony of the family ...
Thus, Huang–Lao Daoism incorporated concepts from five traditions: School of Naturalists, Confucianism, Mohism, School of Names, and Legalism. Roth describes the hallmarks of Huang–Lao: the ruler should use self-transformation "as a technique of government, the emphasis on the precise coordination of the political and cosmic orders by the ...