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  2. Observational error - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observational_error

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  3. Westgard rules - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westgard_Rules

    The Westgard rules are a set of statistical patterns, each being unlikely to occur by random variability, thereby raising a suspicion of faulty accuracy or precision of the measurement system. They are used for laboratory quality control, in "runs" consisting of measurements of multiple samples.

  4. Accuracy and precision - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accuracy_and_precision

    While precision is a description of random errors (a measure of statistical variability), accuracy has two different definitions: More commonly, a description of systematic errors (a measure of statistical bias of a given measure of central tendency, such as the mean). In this definition of "accuracy", the concept is independent of "precision ...

  5. Error bar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_bar

    This statistics -related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

  6. Errors and residuals - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Errors_and_residuals

    The statistical errors, on the other hand, are independent, and their sum within the random sample is almost surely not zero. One can standardize statistical errors (especially of a normal distribution ) in a z-score (or "standard score"), and standardize residuals in a t -statistic , or more generally studentized residuals .

  7. False positives and false negatives - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_positives_and_false...

    The false positive rate (FPR) is the proportion of all negatives that still yield positive test outcomes, i.e., the conditional probability of a positive test result given an event that was not present.

  8. Propagation of uncertainty - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propagation_of_uncertainty

    Any non-linear differentiable function, (,), of two variables, and , can be expanded as + +. If we take the variance on both sides and use the formula [11] for the variance of a linear combination of variables ⁡ (+) = ⁡ + ⁡ + ⁡ (,), then we obtain | | + | | +, where is the standard deviation of the function , is the standard deviation of , is the standard deviation of and = is the ...

  9. Class of accuracy in electrical measurements - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Class_of_accuracy_in...

    In electrical engineering, characteristics like current or voltage can be measured by an ammeter, a voltmeter, a multimeter, etc.The ammeter is used in series with the load, so the same current flows through the load and the ammeter.