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7-Hydroxycannabidiol (7-OH-CBD) is an active metabolite of cannabidiol, generated in the body from cannabidiol by the action of the enzyme CYP2C19. [1] While methods have been developed for its synthetic production, [2] and measurement of levels in the body following consumption of cannabidiol, [3] its pharmacology has been relatively little studied, though it has been found to possess similar ...
If approved, manufacturers of CBD products would be required to conduct safety tests and prove safe consumption, indicating that CBD products would not be eligible for legal commerce until at least 2021. [125] In December 2020, the European Commission concluded that CBD should not be considered as drug and can be qualified as food. [127]
CBD is hydroxylated by P450 liver enzymes into 7-OH-CBD. Its metabolites are products of primarily CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 activity, with potential activity of CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP2C9, and CYP2D6. [69] Similar to delta-9-THC, a majority of CBD is excreted in feces and some in the urine. [57] The terminal half-life is approximately 18–32 hours. [70]
The FDA has thus not approved CBD for any other medical use; however, the 2018 farm bill legalized CBD extracted from hemp (less than 0.3% THC) at the federal level. [197] The legality of CBD products also varies by state, and in some jurisdictions prohibition is not strictly enforced. [198] [199]
CBD is a very low-affinity CB 1 ligand, that can nevertheless affect CB 1 receptor activity in vivo in an indirect manner, while THCV is a high-affinity CB 1 receptor ligand and potent antagonist in vitro and yet only occasionally produces effects in vivo resulting from CB 1 receptor antagonism.
Dronabinol (brand names Marinol and Syndros) is a delta-9-THC containing drug for treating HIV/AIDS-induced anorexia and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. [58] The CBD drug Epidiolex has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for treatment of two rare and severe forms of epilepsy, [59] Dravet and Lennox-Gastaut syndromes. [60]
A dried cannabis flower. The short-term effects of cannabis are caused by many chemical compounds in the cannabis plant, including 113 [clarification needed] different cannabinoids, such as tetrahydrocannabinol, and 120 terpenes, [1] which allow its drug to have various psychological and physiological effects on the human body.
Cannabinoid drugs which have received approval from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for prescription use are Marinol and Syndros (synthetic THC is the active ingredient in both), Cesamet , and Epidiolex (CBD). For non-prescription use, products with less than 0.3% delta-9 THC containing CBD, delta-8 THC, and other naturally-occurring ...