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The normal human body temperature is often stated as 36.5–37.5 °C (97.7–99.5 °F). [8] [9] In adults a review of the literature has found a wider range of 33.2–38.2 °C (91.8–100.8 °F) for normal temperatures, depending on the gender and location measured. [14]
Simplified control circuit of human thermoregulation. [8]The core temperature of a human is regulated and stabilized primarily by the hypothalamus, a region of the brain linking the endocrine system to the nervous system, [9] and more specifically by the anterior hypothalamic nucleus and the adjacent preoptic area regions of the hypothalamus.
Previously, average oral temperature for healthy adults had been considered 37.0 °C (98.6 °F), while normal ranges are 36.1 to 37.8 °C (97.0 to 100.0 °F). In Poland and Russia, the temperature had been measured axillarily (under the arm). 36.6 °C (97.9 °F) was considered "ideal" temperature in these countries, while normal ranges are 36.0 ...
[37] [38] Normal daily temperature variation has been described as 0.5 °C (0.9 °F). [7]: 4012 A raised temperature is not always a fever. [37] For example, the temperature rises in healthy people when they exercise, but this is not considered a fever, as the set point is normal. [37]
We may accept as not far from absolute truth supported as it is by the very numerous observations we have the opportunity of making in convalescence the statement that the range of normal temperature in the axilla is from 97.25 Fahr (36.25 C) to 99.5 Fahr (37.5 C) "and that the mean normal temperature" = 98.6 F (37 C). (Italics from translation).
A study published by The Lancet in 2009 involving 900,000 adults showed that overweight and underweight people both had a mortality rate higher than normal weight people as defined by BMI. The optimal BMI was found to be in the range of 22.5–25. [43] The average BMI of athletes is 22.4 for women and 23.6 for men. [44]
In a typical year, five to 15 percent of the population contracts influenza. There are 3 to 5 million severe cases annually, with up to 650,000 respiratory-related deaths globally each year. Deaths most commonly occur in high-risk groups, including young children, the elderly, and people with chronic health conditions.
As of 2020, there were approximately 50 million people worldwide with Alzheimer's disease. [14] It most often begins in people over 65 years of age, although up to 10% of cases are early-onset impacting those in their 30s to mid-60s. [27] [4] It affects about 6% of people 65 years and older, [16] and women more often than men. [28]