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The ligament broadens [1] and thickens [2] medially. The anterior medial aspect of the ligament is lined by a thin layer of articular cartilage. [1] The neck of the odontoid process is constricted where it is embraced posteriorly by the transverse ligament [2] so it retains the dens in position even after all other ligaments have been sectioned ...
The membrane situated is posterior/deep to the transverse ligament of the atlas; the two are separated by a thin intervening layer of loose areolar connective tissue, and sometimes by a bursa. [2] The membrane is situated anterior/superficially to the spinal dura mater (which is firmly attached to the tectorial membrane). [3]
The cruciate ligament of the atlas (cruciform ligament) is a cross-shaped (thus the name) ligament in the neck forming part of the atlanto-axial joint. It consists of the transverse ligament of atlas, a superior longitudinal band, and an inferior longitudinal band. The cruciate ligament of the atlas prevents abnormal movement of the atlanto ...
Transverse ligament: Should the transverse ligament of the atlas fail due to trauma or disease, the dens is no longer anchored and can travel up the cervical spine, causing paralysis. If it reaches the medulla death can result.
The atlas is the topmost vertebra and the axis (the vertebra below it) forms the joint connecting the skull and spine. The atlas and axis are specialized to allow a greater range of motion than normal vertebrae. They are responsible for the nodding and rotation movements of the head.
In the spine, there is bone formation along the anterior longitudinal ligament and sometimes the posterior longitudinal ligament, which may lead to partial or complete fusion of adjacent vertebrae. The facet and sacroiliac joints tend to be uninvolved. The thoracic spine is the most common level involved. [2]
The inferior corporotransverse ligament attaches at the posterolateral aspect of the body of one vertebra, and at the transverse process of the below vertebra. [1] The superior transforaminal ligament attaches along the inferior intervertebral notch (of the pedicle of the upper vertebra of the intervertebral foramen). [1]
Inferiorly, it becomes continuous with the anterior sacrococcygeal ligament. [3] Superiorly, between the skull and atlas, the ligament is continuous laterally with the anterior atlantooccipital membrane. [4] The ligament is thick and slightly more narrow over the vertebral bodies and thinner but slightly wider over the intervertebral discs. [5]